Antibiotics for asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy.

Biofertilizer is a substance containing live microorganisms which exhibit beneficial properties toward plant growth and development. Various mechanisms are used by microbial strains in order to enhance nutrient uptake, improve soil fertility and increase crop yields such as nitrogen fixation, potassium and phosphorus solubilization, excretion of phytohormones, production of substances suppressing phytopathogens, guarding plants from abiotic and biotic stresses and detoxification of belowground pollutants. Taking into consideration growing consumption requirements on Earth and hazards arising from the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, biofertilizers are thought to be a promising and non-toxic alternative to synthetic agro-chemicals, including fungal control and minimization of mycotoxins contamination. The implementation of microbial inoculants is considered to overcome the shortcomings associated with chemical-based farming techniques, therefore research into widespread use of biofertilizers is one of the mainstream in scientific work for the development of sustainable agriculture.

Biofertilizers in agriculture: An overview on concepts, strategies and effects on soil microorganisms

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) are very effective in immobilization of heavy metals and reducing their translocation in plants via precipitation, complex formation and adsorption. The present study was therefore designed to understand the role of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Burkholderia gladioli in mitigation of Cd stress (0.4 mM) in 10-days old L. esculentum seedlings. The present work investigated growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, metal tolerance index, metal uptake and the contents of metal chelating compounds (protein bound and non-protein bound thiols, total thiols) in microbes inoculated Cd treated L. esculentum seedlings. The gene expression profiling of different metal transporters was conducted in order to investigate the quantitative analysis. Our results revealed Cd generated toxicity in seedlings in terms of reduced growth (root length, shoot length and fresh weight) and photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll, carotenoid and xanthophyll) which enhanced upon inoculations of P. aeruginosa and B. gladioli. Further, the metal uptake along with levels of protein and non-protein bound thiols was also enhanced in Cd-treated seedlings. Gene expression studies suggested enhanced expression in the metal transporter genes which were further declined in the microbe supplemented seedlings. Therefore, micro-organisms possess growth promoting traits that enable them to reduce metal toxicity in plants.

/pdf/metal-resistant-pgpr-lowered-cd-uptake-and-expression-of-3g3r637355.pdf

Metal resistant PGPR lowered Cd uptake and expression of metal transporter genes with improved growth and photosynthetic pigments in Lycopersicon esculentum under metal toxicity.

Purification, identification and characterization of two novel antioxidant peptides from finger millet (Eleusine coracana) protein hydrolysate.

Copper-chitosan nanoparticle (CuChNp) was synthesized and used to study its effect on finger millet plant as a model plant system. Our objective was to explore the efficacy of CuChNp application to control blast disease of finger millet. CuChNp was applied to finger millet either as a foliar spray or as a combined application (involving seed coat and foliar spray). Both the application methods enhanced growth profile of finger millet plants and increased yield. The increased yield was nearly 89% in combined application method. Treated finger millet plants challenged with Pyricularia grisea showed suppression of blast disease development when compared to control. Nearly 75% protection was observed in the combined application of CuChNp to finger millet plants. In CuChNp treated finger millet plants, a significant increase in defense enzymes was observed, which was detected both qualitatively and quantitatively. The suppression of blast disease correlates well with increased defense enzymes in CuChNp treated...

Application of Copper-Chitosan Nanoparticles Stimulate Growth and Induce Resistance in Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) Plants against Blast Disease.

Review of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn): A power house of health benefiting nutrients

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria: A Gateway to Sustainable Agriculture

Halotolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial microorganisms utilized to mitigate the biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. The areas of Sundarban mangroves of West Bengal, India have been reported to be rich in halotolerant microflora, yet major area remains unexplored. The present study, therefore, aims to map down the region-specific native microbial community potent of salt tolerance, plant growth promoting (PGP) activity and antagonistic activity against fungal pathogens. Bacterial samples were isolated from the saline soil of the Sundarban mangroves. A total of 156 bacterial samples were isolated and 20 were screened for their salt tolerance potential. These isolates were characterised using morphological, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Based on 16s rRNA sequencing, they were classified into 4 different genera, including Arthrobacter sp. (01 isolate), Pseudomonas plecoglossicida (01 isolate), Kocuria rosea (01 isolate), and Bacillus (17 isolates). The halotolerant isolates which possessed plant growth promoting traits including phosphate, and zinc solubilization, indole acetic acid production, siderophore, and ammonia generation were selected. Further, the effect of two halotolerant isolates GN-5 and JR-12 which showed most prominent PGP activities was evaluated in pea plant under high salinity conditions. The isolates improved survival by promoting germination (36 to 43%) and root-shoot growth and weight of pea plant in comparison to non-inoculated control plants. In a subsequent dual culture confrontation experiment, both these halo-tolerant isolates showed antagonistic activities against the aggressive root rot disease-causing Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid NAIMCC-F-02902. The identified isolates could be used as potential bioagents for saline soils, with potential antagonistic effect on root rot disease. However, further studies at the physiological and molecular level would help to delineate a detail mechanistic understanding of broad-spectrum defence against salinity and potential biotic pathogen.

/pdf/isolation-and-characterization-of-halotolerant-plant-growth-3g20hanm.pdf

Isolation and characterization of halotolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria from mangrove region of Sundarbans, India for enhanced crop productivity

Plants and microbes are known to interact with each other since ancient times. The plant growth-promoting microbes have the ability to facilitate nutrient uptake, modulating plant growth and imparting abiotic and biotic stress tolerance to the plants. These microbes along with proper carrier form the basis of commercial microbial inoculants, which slowly but steadily are gaining acknowledgment in the market due to the drawbacks associated with their counterpart agrochemicals like reduced soil fertility, food toxicity, or increasing cost and diminishing profits. The nitrogen fixers and phosphate and zinc solubilizers are the foremost microbial categories that are presently exploited on a commercial level. The success of microbial inoculants in the field relies on the carrier material used in the formulation. Many carriers are explored for this purpose; peat, perlite, clay, vermiculite, alginate, agricultural waste products, and biochar are among the leading options.

Commercial Microbial Products: Exploiting Beneficial Plant-Microbe Interaction

A CeO-Cuo nanocomposites have been synthesized by a Sol-Gel method based on polymeric network of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)In this method mixture solvent of 50:50 ethanol :water was used to dissolve cerium nitrate, copper nitrate and PVA. The mixture was heated to 800C to form homogeneous gel solution. The obtained gel was slowly heated to evaporate the solvent to form a hard homogeneous gel. The hard gel was calcinated at a temperature of 6000C for 4 hours and 8 hours and converted into nanocomposites. The prepared nanocomposites have been characterized using X-Ray Diffraction, SEM, FTIR,UV-VIS. The size of a nanocomposites heated at 6000C for 4 hours and 8 hours using Scherrer Formula comes out to be 17 nm and 18 nm. At 4 h, absorption first decreases up to 240 nm in the ultraviolet region. Then it fast increases up to visible region then there is small absorption peak at 570 nm and then it again rises fast in visible region. In 8 h spectra, there is fast decrease in absorption up to 250 nm in the ultraviolet region then there is fast increase in the ultraviolet region then there is further slow increase in visible region. The nanocomposite result was confirmed with TEM analysis. FTIR Spectra shows new peaks at 3838 cm-1, 3740 cm-1,1624 cm-1, and 412 cm-1 when calcinated for 8 h.

Synthesis and Characterization of CeO-CuO Nanocomposites

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