Inversion-driven free surface multiple modelling using multi-order Green’s functions

Given its importance, shallow water demultiple has been under constant investigation for many years. Significant progress has been made, effective processing flows have been established, and excellent results have been achieved in different basins across the world. There remain however significant challenges with demultiple in shallow water environments, especially when it comes to broadband acquisition with a wide tow configuration. In this paper, we discuss a shallow water demultiple processing flow used on a recently acquired wide tow broadband dataset in the Northern Carnarvon basin, North West shelf Australia. We demonstrate that the removal of shallow water multiples can be optimized in data acquired in this manner by using a combination of demultiple techniques.

Demultiple for Wide-Tow Broadband Acquisition in a Shallow Water Environment: A Case Study from the NW Shelf, Australia

Data from towed streamer surveys in shallow water environments are usually contaminated by different orders of sea floor reflections called water-layer-related multiples (WLRMs). The model-based water-layer demultiple (MWD) method effectively removes WLRMs. The initial development of 2D MWD was followed by a 3D implementation to better handle out-of-plane WLRMs. This 3D implementation was further improved by using a selective-input strategy to handle the inconsistency of the high-frequency multiple patterns between adjacent sail lines and shots. Time-variant aperture scheme is proposed based on multiple contribution gathers (MCGs) to include sufficient large apertures, avoid aliasing problems, and compensate for apex shifting. Using narrow azimuth towed streamer (NATS) data from the Hibernia field, we demonstrate the benefit of selective-input MWD with timevariant apertures for attenuating WLRMs in shallow water data.

Improving Shallow Water MWD: Offshore Canada Case Study

Improving seismic images for frontier exploration in East Coast Canada: Lessons learned

Latest imaging advancements in Suriname shallow waters

Model-based water-layer demultiple (MWD) is an effective method for attenuating water-layer-related multiples (WLRMs), especially in shallow water environments. Regular 3D MWD uses regularized common-offset cubes for both shot- and receiver-side multiples. We propose a selective-input adaptation of regular 3D MWD workflow that uses both regularized shot gathers and regularized common-offset cubes as input and prioritizes the data selected for model prediction; data are selected first from regularized shot gathers and then from regularized cubes. Using field data, we demonstrate that this selective-input MWD removes more multiples than regular MWD, especially for high-order multiple reverberations.

Selective-input Adaptation of Model-based Water-layer Demultiple

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Selective-input Adaptation of Model-based Water-layer Demultiple