A successful technique forimproving system perfor- mancehasbeen tomigrate often used software functions into firmware. Anextension ofthis technique, called vertical migration, hasbeen developed thatdeals withmigrations offunctions between anytwo levels inamultilevel interpretive hierarchy. Inboth ofthese approaches theeffect ofmultiple migrations onsystem performance isnotfully understood andhasnotbeenformally analyzed. Inthis paper theeffects ofmultiple migrations onsystem performance areformally described. Threedistinct types ofmigration areidentified andformulas forthe execution timesavings ofeachtype arederived. IndexTerms-Firmware, interpretive model, performance im- provement, vertical migration. I.INTRODUCTION A SUCCESSFULtechnique forimproving system per- 16 formance hasbeentomigrate often usedsoftware functions into firmware. Anextension ofthis technique, called vertical migration (VM)(12), (15), hasbeendeveloped that deals withmigrations offunctions between anytwolevels in amultilevel interpretive hierarchy. Inbothofthese approaches theeffect ofmultiple migrations onsystem performance isnot fully understood andhasnotbeenformally analyzed. Inthis paper, using amultilevel interpreter model, theeffects of multiple migrations onsystem performance areformally de- scribed. Itisshownthat theinteraction ofmultiple migrations canactually produce greater performance improvement than thesumofthesavings ofeachmigration doneseparately. The paper also classifies three distinct types ofmigration which are named: vertical migration, newtarget instructions, andre- placement. Formulas fortheexecution timesavings ofeach type arederived. Theformulas showthat vertical migration haspotential forgreatest performance improvement andthat replacement, ifoneisnotcareful, canactually degrade per- formance. Allthese results areofusetosystem programmers whomight begiven thetaskofimplementing migrations. InSection IIageneral multilevel hierarchical performance model, called theVM model, isdescribed. Thismodel illus- trates theperformance improvement attainable byvertical migration. InSection IIIthemodel isthenused toillustrate several results concerning theinteraction ofmultiple vertical

The types and interactions of vertical migrations of functions in a multilevel interpretive system

Achieving maximum performance through migration of functions from software to microcode requires rethinking the linkage editing process. An object-oriented model of naming and binding clarifies the alternative abstractions available in naming and linking across the macro-micro machine boundary. Alternative abstractions for sharing micro-objects and for dynamic use of micro-objects are presented and their implementations discussed. The conclusions are based on actual implementations. >

Naming and binding in a vertical migration environment

We can achieve more optimal function assignments between microcode and software levels by applying techniques described herein to statically or dynamically microprogrammed processor design.

Automated Vertical Migration to Dynamic Microcode: An Overview and Example

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/52/35725/01695574.pdf

Automated Vertical Migration toDynamic Microcode: AnOverview andExample

UNIX requirements for architectural support

The NP-Completeness of the selection problem of vertical migration candidates is shown by reducing it to the NP-complete knapsack problem. Based on approximation algorithms for the latter problem a new algorithm is presented, which takes into account the call relations between functions in a complex system. Then the developed algorithm is applied to the UNIX operating system as a representative for complex systems.

An algorithm for selection of migration candidates

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An algorithm for selection of migration candidates

An algorithm for selection of migration candidates