Study on superabsorbent composite XVI. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of poly(sodium acrylate)/vermiculite superabsorbent composites

A study on the possibility of the preparation of superabsorbent hydrogels based on crosslinked carboxymethyl cellulose polymer and acrylamide monomer through electron-beam irradiation was carried out. The effects of the irradiation dose and polymer–monomer compositions on the crosslinking density were studied. The hydrophilic properties of the superabsorbent hydrogels were identified by the swelling percentage. The prepared hydrogels had higher swelling in distilled water than in salt solutions. Moreover, the hydrogels exhibited the highest swelling at pH 7. Also, increasing the temperature up to 50°C caused an increase in the swelling. The thermal properties of the hydrogels were characterized with thermogravimetric analysis. The use of the prepared superabsorbent hydrogels for the growth of rice was also investigated through the water-retention property. The water retention in the soil was enhanced with the hydrogels. Superabsorbent hydrogels based on carboxymethyl cellulose polymer and acrylamide monomer could be considered as water-managing materials for agriculture and horticulture in desert and drought-prone areas. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 104: 2003–2008, 2007

Synthesis of crosslinked superabsorbent carboxymethyl cellulose/acrylamide hydrogels through electron-beam irradiation

A series of superabsorbent composites were synthesized by copolymerization reaction of partially neutralized acrylic acid on unexpanded vermiculite (UVMT) micropowder using N,N 0 -methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) as a crosslinker and ammonium persulfate (APS) as an initiator in aqueous solution. And the samples were further characterized by means of fourier-transform spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effects of vermiculite content on water absorbency were studied. Swelling behaviors of the superabsorbent composites in various cationic salt solutions (NaCl, CaCl2 and FeCl3), anionic salt solutions (NaCl, Na2SO4 and Na3PO4) and pH solutions were also systematically investigated. Results obtained showed that the equilibrium water absorbency increased with increasing UVMT content and the concentration of 20 wt.% clay gave the best absorption (1232 g/g in distilled water and 89 g/g in 0.9 wt.% NaCl). Data achieved also suggested that the water absorbency in various saline solutions decreased with an increase in the ionic strengths of these solutions. And it was found that at a higher ionic strength (>1 · 10 � 3 M), the water absorbency in monovalent cationic solutions was higher than those in multivalent cationic solutions. However, at the same ionic strength (>1 · 10 � 3 M), the effect of three anionic salt solutions on the swelling has the following order: NaCl < Na2SO4 <N a 3PO4.

Macromolecular Nanotechnology Study on superabsorbent composite XVI. Synthesis, characterization and swelling behaviors of poly(sodium acrylate)/vermiculite superabsorbent composites

Effect of intercalated reactive mica on water absorbency for poly(sodium acrylate) composite superabsorbents

A series of novel copolymer superabsorbents based on the monomers acrylamide (AM), acrylic acid (AA), acrylonitrile, methacrylic acid, sodium acrylate (SA), and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were prepared by copolymerization using ammonium persulfate as an initiator and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent. The experimental results of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) show that the absorbency in water and NaCl solutions is maximum for AM, SA, HEMA and AM, AA, SA combinations. The copolymers were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The water retention of soil was also enhanced using the above superabsorbents. Use of SAPs for the growth of the croton plant was also investigated. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2635–2639, 2001

Design and synthesis of superabsorbent polymers

Superabsorbent polymers based on guargum have been prepared through a graft-copolymerization reaction using acrylonitrile as the monomer by a gamma ray-induced irradiation technique. Various grafting parameters have been studied. The grafted products have been characterized using infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric, and differential thermal analysis. The thermograms reveal the superior thermal stability of the grafted product over the control at all stages of its degradative cycle. The maximum absorbency obtained of the superabsorbent product was around 300 g/g.

Water-superabsorbent polymers through gamma radiation-induced graft-copolymerization of acrylonitrile on guargum

Water quality has become a severe concern on a global scale, owing mostly to the rapid increase of the nation's development. According to Malaysia's Natural Resources and Environment Ministry, poor water management is the primary cause of the country's water quality problems. Many river systems are polluted by home and industrial pollutants, according to the findings of research in Malaysia and comparable difficulties in a few other nations. Hence, the following are the research's goals: (1) To look into what is causing the infractions. (2) To undertake the inquiry, develop a thorough hypothesis. (3) To detect dangerous germs by sampling the most usually infected regions. (4) To develop a test for Total Coliform violations in chlorine-treated water at the water treatment plant and in water distribution systems. As a result, the most major barrier to ensuring the safe delivery of treated water to consumers and protecting human health from water-related diseases is the drinking water treatment process. As a result, practically all water treatment systems around the world, including those in the USA, use a chlorine-based procedure to disinfect the water system during treatment. According to studies, the ideal way of disinfecting treated water is both safe and beneficial. Any sort of pandemic or biologically caused disease has no societal implications. Many countries began to suffer in 2009 as a result of e-coli and total coliform contamination in their water systems, leading to ambiguity in disinfection methods. Some water from UNMC's coolers was within the guidelines, while some exceed them. Water coolers at Block E (614 m) and Block B (605 m), for example, measured 12 CFU/100 ml and 11 CFU/100 ml, respectively. Water coolers should be cleaned regularly to ensure that they perform correctly. Further, the microbial population was found to be higher at water storage tanks than that is at the water cooler. This demonstrates how a water cooler fulfils its purpose of filtering and trapping germs to provide clean drinking water. 

/pdf/experimental-study-on-total-coliform-violations-in-the-3exxzzsz.pdf

Experimental study on total coliform violations in the complied NH2CL, O3, and UV treated municipal water supply system

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Water-superabsorbent polymers through gamma radiation-induced graft-copolymerization of acrylonitrile on guargum

Experimental study on total coliform violations in the complied NH2CL, O3, and UV treated municipal water supply system