The input-series-output-parallel (ISOP) converter, which consists of multiple dc-dc converter modules connected in series at the input and in parallel at the output, is an attractive solution for high input voltage and high power applications. This paper reveals the relationship between input voltage sharing (IVS) and output current sharing of the constituent modules of the ISOP converter. A novel IVS control strategy, which is decoupled with the output voltage regulation, is proposed. This control allows IVS and output voltage regulation to be designed independently. An ISOP converter, which uses the phase-shifted full-bridge (PS-FB) converter as the basic module, is considered. Based on the proposed control strategy, this ISOP converter together with the control circuit can be decoupled from several independent single-input and single-output systems. An ISOP converter consisting of three PS-FB modules is used to illustrate the design procedure, and a 3-kW experimental prototype is fabricated and tested.

Control Strategy for Input-Series–Output-Parallel Converters

A new zero-voltage switching full-bridge dc–dc converter for battery charging is proposed in this paper. The proposed isolated dc–dc converter is used for the dc–dc conversion stage of the electric vehicle charger. The primary switches in dc–dc converter turn- on at zero voltage over the battery-charging range with the help of passive auxiliary circuit. The diode clamping circuit on the primary side minimizes the severity of voltage spikes across the secondary rectifier diodes, which are commonly present in conventional full-bridge dc–dc converters. The main switches are controlled with an asymmetrical pulse-width modulation (APWM) technique resulting in higher efficiency. APWM reduces the current stress of the main switches and the circulating losses compared with the conventional phase-shift modulation method by controlling the auxiliary inductor current over the entire operating range of the proposed converter. The steady-state analysis of auxiliary circuit and its design considerations are discussed in detail. A 100-kHz 1.2-kW full-bridge dc–dc converter prototype is developed. The experimental results are presented to validate the analysis and efficiency of the proposed converter.

A New ZVS Full-Bridge DC–DC Converter for Battery Charging With Reduced Losses Over Full-Load Range

Introducing resonant inductance and clamping diodes into the full-bridge converter can eliminate the voltage oscillation across the rectifier diodes and increase the load range for zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) achievement. The resonant inductance is shorted and its current keeps constant when the clamping diode is conducting, and the clamping diode is hard turned-off, causing significant reverse recovery loss if the output filter inductance is relatively larger. This paper improves the full-bridge converter by introducing a reset winding in series with the resonant inductance to make the clamping diode current decay rapidly when it conducts. The reset winding not only reduces the conduction losses, but also makes the clamping diodes naturally turn-off and avoids the reverse recovery. The operation principle of the proposed converter is analyzed. The design of the turns ratio of transformer is discussed. A 1 kW prototype converter is built to verify the operation principle and the experimental results are also demonstrated.

A Novel Zero-Voltage-Switching PWM Full Bridge Converter

In this paper, a phase-shifted full-bridge (PSFB) converter employing a new center-tapped clamp circuit is proposed to achieve high efficiency and high power density in electric-vehicle battery charger applications. By using a simple center-tapped clamp circuit, which consists of two diodes and one capacitor, many limitations in conventional PSFB converters are solved. The proposed center-tapped clamp circuit provides the clamping path and allows the secondary voltage stress to be clamped to the secondary-reflected input voltage. This results in a greatly reduced conduction loss in the secondary full-bridge rectifier (FBR) due to the low-forward-voltage drop of low-voltage-rated diodes, and the resistor–capacitor–diode snubber loss is eliminated. In addition, the circulating current in the primary side is removed without any duty-cycle loss. Furthermore, the turn- off switching loss in the FBR is substantially reduced due to the decreased reverse-recovery current and the reduced reverse voltage. With these advantages, high efficiency can be achieved. Besides, the size of the output inductor is considerably reduced with the aid of clamping voltage, resulting in a high power density with saving the cost. In order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed converter, a 3.3-kW prototype was tested. Experimental results show that the proposed converter achieves high efficiency over the entire conditions with high power density.

Phase-Shifted Full-Bridge DC–DC Converter With High Efficiency and High Power Density Using Center-Tapped Clamp Circuit for Battery Charging in Electric Vehicles

An improved soft-switching full-bridge phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation converter using insulated-gate bipolar transistors with a special auxiliary transformer is presented in this paper. Zero-voltage switching for leading leg and zero-current switching for lagging leg switches in the converter are achieved for full-load range from no load to short circuit by adding an active energy recovery clamp and auxiliary circuits. The new significant feature of the converter consists in suppression of circulating current also in short-circuit conditions. The proposed converter is very attractive for applications where short circuit and no load are the normal states of the converter operation, e.g., arc welding. The principle of operation is explained and analyzed, and experimental results are presented on a 3-kW 50-kHz laboratory converter model.

Soft-Switching PS-PWM DC–DC Converter for Full-Load Range Applications

A novel zero-voltage and zero-current switching (ZVZCS) full-bridge phase-shifted pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converter using insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) with auxiliary transformer is proposed to improve the properties of the previously presented converters. ZVZCS for all power switches is achieved for full load range from no-load to short circuit by adding active energy recovery snubber and auxiliary circuits. The principle of operation is explained and analyzed and experimental results are presented. The features and design considerations of the converter are verified on a 3-kW, 50-kHz IGBT based experimental circuit

Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge DC&#8211;DC Converter With Auxiliary Transformer

A soft switching resonant DC/DC converter is presented in this paper. The converter is based on a three-level topology with Cool MOS transistors and uses variable frequency control. The principle of operation and some characteristics of the converter are analysed on a simulation model. Ill. 20, bibl. 8 (in English; summaries in English, Russian and Lithuanian).

/pdf/principles-of-operation-of-three-level-phase-shift-3jnc09fqux.pdf

Principles of Operation of Three-level Phase Shift Controlled Converter

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Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge DC–DC Converter With Auxiliary Transformer

Principles of Operation of Three-level Phase Shift Controlled Converter

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Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge DC&#8211;DC Converter With Auxiliary Transformer

Principles of Operation of Three-level Phase Shift Controlled Converter

Zero-Voltage and Zero-Current Switching Full-Bridge DC–DC Converter With Auxiliary Transformer