The rapid growth in the use of multiphase polymer systems (blends and composites) is undoubtedly related to the availability of methods of controlling the physical and chemical interactions at the interface. Compounds acting as interfacial agents are commonly known as “compatibilizers” in blends, or “coupling agents” in composites; their function is to promote adhesion and enhance overall properties. This paper is a review of recent advances in the use of these compounds in immiscible polymer blends and thermoplastic composites. Polymeric compatibilizers are classified according to their method of addition (in situformation vs. separate addition) and reactivity. Reactive low molecular weight compounds are also listed and their various coupling mechanisms are discussed. It is demonstrated that common routes to enhanced adhesion exist for some types of blends and composites. For example, reactive graft copolymers and certain crosslinklng agents are equally effective as adhesion promoters in blends and composites containing a polyolefin phase.

Interfacial agents for multiphase polymer systems: Recent advances

Study of the compatibility of blends of polymers and copolymers containing styrene, 4-hydroxystyrene and 4-vinylpyridine

The subject of the viscous and viscoelastic behavior of ionomer systems is addressed from a general point of view. Following some introductory material concerning terminology and characteristics of ionomers that are pertinent for later discussion, the format will be to first briefly consider the glassy state followed with a more complete discussion of the rubbery and viscous flow (melt) states. The viscous and viscoelastic response of ionomer systems when in solution will then be discussed. We have also attempted to compare the so-called “random copolymer” ionomers to the telechelic systems. Emphasis is given to single component materials in contrast to blends or filled systems, but some brief remarks are made concerning the latter topics.

An Overview of the Viscous and Viscoelastic Behavior of Ionomers in Bulk and Solution

Dynamic mechanical and optical transparency methods were used to investigate the compatibility of a series of blends of sulfonated cis-1,4-polyisoprene and styrene/4-vinylpyridine copolymers. It was found that compatibilization occurs at a degree of substitution less than 5%. It is suggested that proton transfer from the sulfonic acid group to vinyl pyridine, which results in the generation of specific anion-cation interactions, is responsible for the compatibilization, since the removal of ionic interactions through esterification destroys the compatibility.

Ionomeric blends. II. Compatibility and dynamic mechanical properties of sulfonated cis‐1,4‐polyisoprenes and styrene/4‐ vinylpyridine copolymer blends

Reactions in polymer blends: interchain effects and theoretical problems

Ionomeric blends. I. Compatibilization of the polystyrene – poly(ethyl acrylate) system via ionic interactions

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Ionomeric blends. I. Compatibilization of the polystyrene – poly(ethyl acrylate) system via ionic interactions