Differential-phase-shift keying (DPSK) has recently been used to reach record distances in long-haul lightwave communication systems. This paper will review theoretical, as well as implementation, aspects of DPSK, and discuss experimental results.

Optical phase-shift-keyed transmission

Fiber-optic communication systems form the high-capacity transport infrastructure that enables global broadband data services and advanced Internet applications. The desire for higher per-fiber transport capacities and, at the same time, the drive for lower costs per end-to-end transmitted information bit has led to optically routed networks with high spectral efficiencies. Among other enabling technologies, advanced optical modulation formats have become key to the design of modern wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) fiber systems. In this paper, we review optical modulation formats in the broader context of optically routed WDM networks. We discuss the generation and detection of multigigabit/s intensity- and phase-modulated formats, and highlight their resilience to key impairments found in optical networking, such as optical amplifier noise, multipath interference, chromatic dispersion, polarization-mode dispersion, WDM crosstalk, concatenated optical filtering, and fiber nonlinearity

Advanced Optical Modulation Formats

We review the recent progress of information theory in optical communications, and describe the current experimental results and associated advances in various individual technologies which increase the information capacity. We confirm the widely held belief that the reported capacities are approaching the fundamental limits imposed by signal-to-noise ratio and the distributed non-linearity of conventional optical fibres, resulting in the reduction in the growth rate of communication capacity. We also discuss the techniques which are promising to increase and/or approach the information capacity limit.

/pdf/approaching-the-non-linear-shannon-limit-1c8ubzq84k.pdf

Approaching the Non-Linear Shannon Limit

Dispersion Compensating Fibers

This paper reviews properties and use of conventional single-mode dispersion-compensating fibers (DCFs). The quality of the dispersion compensation expressed as residual dispersion after compensation is treated. Properties of actual DCFs for discrete compensation including loss and nonlinear effects are discussed. Fiber design with special emphasis on design tradeoffs is considered. The Raman properties of DCFs and their use as a discrete Raman amplifier are also discussed. Finally, DCF for use in dispersion-managed cables (DMCs) is addressed, including optimum fiber design and comparison of different configurations.

Dispersion-compensating fibers

We demonstrate error-free dense-wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission of 40 40-Gb/s channels with 100-GHz spacing over 10 000 km dispersion-managed fiber using carrier-suppressed return-to-zero differential-phase-shift keying (CSRZ-DPSK), enhanced foward-error correction, and all-Raman-amplified spans with 100-km terrestrial length.

DWDM 40 G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000 km) casing CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100 km UltraWave/spl trade/ fiber spans

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DWDM 40 G transmission over trans-Pacific distance (10,000 km) casing CSRZ-DPSK, enhanced FEC and all-Raman amplified 100 km UltraWave/spl trade/ fiber spans