The most distinctive feature of the superconducting magnet system for JT-60SA is the optimized coil structure in terms of the space utilization as well as the highly accurate coil manufacturing, thus meeting the requirements for the steady-state tokamak research: a conceptually new outer inter-coil structure separated from the casing is introduced to the toroidal field coils to realize their slender shape, allowing large-bore diagnostic ports for detailed plasma measurements. A method to minimize the manufacturing error of the equilibrium-field coils has been established, aiming at the precise plasma shape/position control. A compact butt-joint has been successfully developed for the Central Solenoid, which allows an optimized utilization of the limited space for the Central Solenoid to extend the duration of the plasma pulse.

http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0029-5515/55/8/086001/pdf

JT-60SA superconducting magnet system

The MADMAX project aims at detecting axion dark matter in the mass range of 100 μeV. To facilitate axion to photon conversion with detectable rate a superconducting dipole magnet with a large bore is needed. The MADMAX dipole magnet has to generate ∼9 T in a 1.35 m aperture over ∼1.3 m in length. A key challenge for a magnet made of a cable in-conduit conductor (CICC), operating at 1.8 K with an indirect bath cooling is the quench detection. In order to validate feasibility, a mock-up coil with a quench behavior scalable to MADMAX was designed and produced. The paper gives an overview of the technical details of the MACQU test coil. The conductor, the magnet, the busbar and the supporting and cryogenic systems were designed at CEA. The cable was manufactured in China at the Chang Tong INC from WST Nb-Ti strands, the insertion and compaction was achieved in the ASIPP institute with a copper profile from Aurubis. The winding of the coil and the busbar pre-forming were performed at Bilfinger Noell as well as the assembly of the supporting structure and the thermal shield. The magnet was integrated in the JT60 test station at CEA Saclay and extensively tested. The magnet current reached 80% on the loadline instead of 90% as expected at nominal. The limitation is likely coming from uneven current distribution at the extremity of the magnet at the connection box location. Nevertheless, quench tests were successfully performed at constant currents from 10 kA to 17 kA. They proved that the initial quench velocities are of the order of 1 m/s to 10 m/s, high enough to safely detect a voltage drop in MADMAX and discharge the magnet. In addition, a thermo-hydraulic quench back effect was observed in the MACQU coil cooled by superfluid helium. 

Development, integration and test of the MACQU demo-coil towards MADMAX quench analysis

The Magnetized Disc and Mirror Axion eXperiment (MADMAX) project aims at detecting axion dark matter in the mass range of 100 μeV. To facilitate axion to photon conversion with detectable rate, a superconducting dipole magnet with a large bore is needed. The MADMAX dipole magnet has to generate ∼9 T in a 1.35-m aperture over ∼1.3 m in length. A key challenge for a magnet made of a cable-in-conduit conductor (CICC) operating at 1.8 K with an indirect bath cooling is the quench detection. In order to validate feasibility, a mock-up coil with a quench behavior scalable to MADMAX was designed and produced. This article gives an overview of the technical details of the MAdmax Coil for Quench Understanding (MACQU) test coil. The conductor, magnet, busbar, and the supporting and cryogenic systems were designed at Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique (CEA). The cable was manufactured in China at the Chang Tong, Inc. from WST Nb–Ti strands, and the insertion and compaction were achieved in the Academy of Science: Institute of Plasma Physics (ASIPP) with a copper profile from Aurubis. The winding of the coil and the busbar preforming were performed at Bilfinger Noell as well as the assembly of the supporting structure and the thermal shield. The magnet was integrated in the JT60 test station at CEA Saclay and extensively tested. The magnet current reached 80% on the load line instead of 90% as expected at nominal. The limitation is likely coming from uneven current distribution at the extremity of the magnet at the connection box location. Nevertheless, quench tests were successfully performed at constant currents from 10 to 17 kA. They proved that the initial quench velocities are of the order of 1–10 m/s, high enough to safely detect a voltage drop in MADMAX and discharge the magnet. In addition, a thermo-hydraulic quench back effect was observed in the MACQU coil cooled by superfluid helium.

Development, Integration, and Test of the MACQU Demo Coil Toward MADMAX Quench Analysis

The 18 D-shaped Nb-Ti toroidal field (TF) coils for the JT-60SA tokamak will each be 7 m high and 4.5 m wide. Together they will generate an on-axis field of 2.25 T. All the main contracts for their manufacture are now in place, with manufacturing split primarily between sites in Japan (superconducting strand), Italy (conductor cabling and jacketing, casings fabrication and coil winding, and integration), and France (support structures, coil winding and integration, and final coil cold testing). This paper will summarize the key aspects of the design of the coils and the current status of manufacture on each area of the manufacture of the TF coils. A simple overview of the overall schedule for their completion is included.

Manufacturing Status of JT-60SA Toroidal Field Coils

A coil test facility for the cryogenic tests of the JT-60SA TF coils

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A coil test facility for the cryogenic tests of the JT-60SA TF coils