Needle-free liquid jet injectors have been used for more than 50 years for parenteral delivery of vaccines and drugs. Although excellent bioavailability has been reported for a number of drugs, occasional pain and bruising have limited wide acceptance of jet injectors. This article reviews jet injectors with respect to their current clinical applications, emerging applications, mechanistic understanding and future prospects.

/pdf/current-status-and-future-prospects-of-needle-free-liquid-20rvwwr3p4.pdf

Current status and future prospects of needle-free liquid jet injectors

The discusser wishes to congratulate the authors for their authoritative paper. He believes that the work is a necessary addition to the topic of stepped spillway flow. The paper presents a true systematic study of skimming flow. Despite the outstanding insights of the study, the discusser wishes to point two weaknesses: an inadequate analysis of the air entrainment process and some limitations of the velocity probe measurements.

https://espace.library.uq.edu.au/view/UQ:9291/DIS_Cham.pdf

Characteristics of Skimming Flow over Stepped Spillways

An experimental and numerical study of water jet cleaning process

Abrasive jet machining (AJM) is a manufacturing technology based on erosion localization and intensification AJM has a progressively important influence on the machining technology market Over the past 20 years, there has been an exponential growth in the number of papers that discuss AJM Various innovations and process developments such as intermittent, submerged, thermally assisted and other jet conditions were proposed This paper examines AJM’s technological advantages and the variety of machining operations in different industries where AJM is utilized Particular attention is devoted to the micro-texturing capabilities of powder blasting and its application in tribology New evidence of ductile and brittle material removal mechanisms are reviewed together with recently discovered elastic removal mode The effects of hydraulic, abrasive and machining parameters on particles kinetic energy, machined surface roughness and footprint size are described in detail Nozzle wear has a strong dependence on nozzle materials, its geometry, particles size, hardness, and flow rate The trend of AJM development is a shift from macro to micro scale Improvements in micro-machining resolution, process controlling and erosion prediction are current challenges facing AJM

Recent advances and challenges of abrasive jet machining

Characteristics of abrasive slurry jet micro-machining: A comparison with abrasive air jet micro-machining

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the characteristics of very high velocity water jets in air. Based on a LDA study of the velocity field of jets of diameters of 2,2.5 and...

An experimental study of very high velocity circular water jets in air

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An experimental study of very high velocity circular water jets in air