We report herein a unique means to periodically pattern polymeric materials on individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using a controlled polymer crystallization method. One-dimensional (1D) CNTs were periodically decorated with polymer lamellar crystals, resulting in nano-hybrid shish-kebab (NHSK) structures. The periodicity of the polymer lamellae varies from 20 to 150 nm. The kebabs are approximately 5-10 nm thick (along CNT direction) with a lateral size of approximately 20 nm to micrometers, which can be readily controlled by varying crystallization conditions. Both polyethylene and Nylon 66 were successfully decorated on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), as well as vapor grown carbon nanofibers (CNFs). The formation mechanism was attributed to \"size-dependent soft epitaxy\". Because NHSK formation conditions depend on CNT structures, it further provides a unique opportunity for CNT separation. The reported method opens a gateway to periodically patterning polymers and different functional groups on individual CNTs in an ordered and controlled manner, an attractive research field that is yet to be explored.

/pdf/polymer-crystallization-driven-periodical-patterning-on-2vqx9qfue0.pdf

Polymer crystallization-driven, periodical patterning on carbon nanotubes

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene sheets are the most promising fillers for polymer nanocomposites due to their superior mechanical, electrical, thermal optical and gas barrier properties, as well as high flame-retardant efficiency. The critical challenge, however, is how to uniformly disperse them into the polymer matrix to achieve a strong interface for good load transfer between the two. This problem is not new but more acute in CNTs and graphene, both because they are intrinsically insoluble and tend to aggregate into bundles and because their surfaces are atomically smooth. Over the past decade, imidazolium ionic liquids (Imi-ILs) have played a multifunctional role (e.g., as solvents, dispersants, stabilizers, compatibilizers, modifiers and additives) in the fabrication of polymer composites containing CNTs or graphene. In this review, we first summarize the liquid-phase exfoliation, stabilization, dispersion of CNTs and graphene in Imi-ILs, as well as the chemical and/or thermal reduction of graphene oxide to graphene with the aid of Imi-ILs. We then present a full survey of the literature on the Imi-ILs assisted fabrication of CNTs and graphene-based nanocomposites with a variety of polymers, including fluoropolymers, hydrocarbon polymers, polyacrylates, cellulose and polymeric ionic liquids. Finally, we give a future outlook in hopes of facilitating progress in this emerging area.

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/5/2/847/pdf

Progress in Imidazolium Ionic Liquids Assisted Fabrication of Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Polymer Composites

Improving flexural and dielectric properties of MWCNT/epoxy nanocomposites by introducing advanced hybrid filler system

This study examines the preparation of electrically conductive polymer networks based on furan-functionalised polyketone (PK-Fu) doped with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and reversibly crosslinked with bis-maleimide (B-Ma) via Diels-Alder (DA) cycloaddition. Notably, the incorporation of 5 wt.% of MWCNTs results in an increased modulus of the material, and makes it thermally and electrically conductive. Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicates that MWCNTs, due to their diene/dienophile character, covalently interact with the matrix via DA reaction, leading to effective interfacial adhesion between the components. Raman spectroscopy points to a more effective graphitic ordering of MWCNTs after reaction with PK-Fu and B-Ma. After crosslinking the obtained composite via the DA reaction, the softening point (tan(δ) in dynamic mechanical analysis measurements) increases up to 155 °C, as compared to the value of 130 °C for the PK-Fu crosslinked with B-Ma and that of 140 °C for the PK-Fu/B-Ma/MWCNT nanocomposite before resistive heating (responsible for crosslinking). After grinding the composite, compression moulding (150 °C/40 bar) activates the retro-DA process that disrupts the network, allowing it to be reshaped as a thermoplastic. A subsequent process of annealing via resistive heating demonstrates the possibility of reconnecting the decoupled DA linkages, thus providing the PK networks with the same thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties as the crosslinked pristine systems.

/pdf/electrically-responsive-reversible-polyketone-mwcnt-network-3tmr7aer3v.pdf

Electrically-Responsive Reversible Polyketone/MWCNT Network through Diels-Alder Chemistry.

Modelling and statistical interpretation of phenol adsorption behaviour of 3-Dimensional hybrid aerogel of waste-derived carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are excellent candidates for substituting or complementing conventional nanofillers in the fabrication of multifunctional polymer nanocomposites owing to their unique electronic, thermal and mechanical properties. The critical challenge is to uniformly disperse and exfoliate CNTs into polymers to achieve good matrix/nanotube adhesion that maximizes the transfer of the nanotube properties to the polymer matrix. However, many potential applications have been prevented due to the poor dispersion of CNTs and the weak matrix/CNT interface interaction. Functionalization of CNTs provides an effective means to optimize the physical–mechanical properties of polymer–CNT nanocomposites. In this chapter, we summarize various functionalization techniques, including non-covalent and covalent methodologies, with particular emphasis on the dispersion of CNTs and the interface interaction in polymer–CNT nanocomposites.

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer nanocomposites

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Functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer nanocomposites