We report the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires with ultra-thin seed layer by low-cost hydrothermal method. The ultra-thin seed layer consists of ZnO thin film, which is fabricated by sol-gel method and then etched to reduce the thickness by diluted HCI. The resistance along the vertical direction of the ultra-thin seed layer on the indium tin oxide (ITO) glass decreases during the etching process. ZnO nanowires with low resistance in the vertical direction are expected to enable the application of optoelectronic device with better performance.

Znic Oxide Nanowires with Ultra-Thin and Low-Resistance Seed Layer

The purpose of this chapter is to present the results of the dynamics of exciton (polariton)s or more generally of electron-hole pairs. For a recent review of this topic concentrating on quantum wells, see Davies and Jagadish (Laser Photon. Rev. 3(1), 1(2008)).We neither consider the dynamics of carriers, for example, their relaxation time entering in Hall mobility or electrical conductivity, nor the dynamics of phonons or spins, respectively. We give here only a very small selection of references to these topics (Baxter and Schmuttenmaer, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110:25229, 2006; Queiroz et al. Super lattice Microstruct. 42:270, 2007; Niehaus and Schwarz, Super lattice Microstruct. 42:299, 2007; Lee et al., J. Appl. Phys. 93:4939, 2003; A. K Azad, J. Han, W. Zhang, Appl. Phys. Lett. 88:021103, 2006; Janssen et al.. QELS 2008 IEEE 2; D. Lagarde et al., Phys. Stat. Sol. C 4:472, 2007; S. Gosh et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86:232507, 2005; W. K. Liu et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 98:186804, 2007).The main characteristic time constants relevant to optical properties close to the fundamental absorption edge are the dephasing time T-2, (i.e. the time after which the polarization amplitude of the optically excited electron-hole pair loses die coherence with the driving light field), the intra band or inter sub band relaxation times T-3 (i.e. the time it takes for the electron-hole pairs to relax from their initial state of excitation to a certain other state e.g. to a thermal distribution with a temperature equal to or possibly still above lattice temperature) and finally the lifetime T-1 (i.e. the time until the electron-hole pairs recombine). The characteristic time constants T-2 and T-1 are also known as transverse and longitudinal relaxation times, respectively. Their inverses are the corresponding rate constants. T-2 is inversely proportional to the homogeneous width Gamma, and T-1 includes both the radiative and the generally dominating non-radiative recombination (Hauser et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 92:211105, 2008). For this point, recall Figs. 6.16 and 6.33. Since the polarisation amplitude is gone in any case after the recombination process, there is an upper limit for T-2 given by T-2 <= 2 T-1. The factor of two comes from the fact that T-2 describes the decay of an amplitude and T-1 the decay of a population, which is proportional to the amplitude squared. Sometimes T-2 is subdivided in a term due to recombination described by T1 and another called 'pure dephasing' called T-2* with the relation 1/T-2 = 1/2 T-1 + 1/T-2*. The quantity T-2* can considerably exceed 2 T-1.In the part on relaxation processes that is on processes contributing to T-3, we give also examples for the capture of excitons into bound, localized, or deep states. For more details on dynamics in semiconductors in general see for example, the (text-) books [Klingshirn, Semiconductor Optics, 3rd edn. (Springer, Berlin, 2006); Haug and Koch, Quantum Theory of the Optical and Electronic Properties of Semiconductors, 4th edn. (World Scientific, Singapore, 2004); Haug and Jauho, Quantum Kinetics in Transport and Optics of Semiconductors, Springer Series in Solid State Sciences vol. 123 (Springer, Berlin, 1996); J. Shah, Ultrafast Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and of Semiconductor Nanostructures, Springer Series in Solid State Sciences vol. 115 (Springer, Berlin, 1996); Schafer and Wegener, Semiconductor Optics and Transport Phenomena (Springer, Berlin, 2002)].We present selected data for free, bound and localized excitons, biexcitons and electron hole pairs in an EHP and examples for bulk materials, epilayers, quantum wells, nano rods and nano crystals with the restriction that - to the knowledge of the author - data are not available for all these systems, density ranges and temperatures. Therefore, we subdivide the topic below only according to the three time constants T-2, T-3 and T-1.

Dynamic Processes

Photoinduced excess carrier dynamics in PLD-grown ZnO

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

P. Queiroz

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Photoinduced excess carrier dynamics in PLD-grown ZnO