Among the methods for determining anaerobic threshold (AT), the heart rate (HR) method seems to be the simplest. On the other hand, many conflicting results from comparing this method with others have been presented over the last 10 years. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the heart rate threshold (HRT) with the lactate turn point (LTP)-"second" break point of dependence of lactate (LA) to power output, ventilatory threshold (VT) and threshold determined by electromyography (EMGAT), all determined by the same exercise test and evaluated by the same computer algorithm. A group of 24 female students [mean age 20.5 (SD 1.6) years, maximal oxygen consumption 48.8 (SD 4.7) ml.kg-1.min-1] performed an incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer (modified Conconi test) starting with an initial power output (PO) of 40 W with intensity increments of 10 W.min-1 until the subjects were exhausted. The HRT, LTP and EMGAT determination was done by computer-aided break-point regression analysis from dependence of functional measures on PO. The same computer algorithm was used for VT determination from the relationship between ventilation (V) and oxygen uptake (VO2) or carbon dioxide output (VCO2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Verification of the heart rate threshold.

This investigation compared supramaximal oxygen uptake interval training with continuous training in collegiate, national, and international class rowers. It was hypothesized that 6 supramaximal intensity sessions over 11 days would increase power on selected power measures. After 8 weeks of training for a new season, 10 heavyweight and 6 lightweight rowers were randomized into 2 groups. A ramp test to limit of tolerance to determine peak aerobic power (6 females: 25 W·min; 10 males: 30 W·min) and an all-out 3-minute test to determine peak power, 60-second power, critical power, and work above critical power (W') were performed before and after training. A supramaximal training session consisted of 10 cycles of 10-second work (140% peak aerobic power):5-second recovery followed by 8 minutes of active recovery, and repeated 6 times. The continuous group performed predominantly moderate intensity (below lactate threshold) training. All training was performed on rowing ergometers. Critical power increased pre-to-post supramaximal (Δ7%) and continuous training (Δ9%), respectively (336 ± 59W to 360 ± 59W; 290 ± 73W to 316 ± 74W; p ≤ 0.05), whereas the mean power output from all performance measures increased only after supramaximal training (Δ7%) (464 ± 158W to 496 ± 184W; p ≤ 0.05). Testing also revealed decreased W' (Δ21%) and 60-second power (Δ4%) pre-to-post continuous training only (p ≤ 0.05). No differences (p > 0.05) in peak aerobic power or peak power were observed pre-to-post training in either group. In conclusion, after an 8-week preconditioning period, supramaximal interval training preserved anaerobic capacity compared with predominantly continuous training and elicited similar increases in critical power in rowers.

Effects of Novel Supramaximal Interval Training Versus Continuous Training on Performance in Preconditioned Collegiate, National, and International Class Rowers

Human physical activities may bring potential health benefits. The aim of our study was to compare body composition, lung function and aerobic fitness as a function of age in a cross-sectional study of 277 recreational cyclists (men: n = 163, women: n = 114) and 377 recreational runners (men: n = 239, women: n = 138) aged 20 to 60 years, with a training volume of about 2000 to 4000 km per year for cyclists and 25 to 60 km per week for runners. The survey focused on comparing the values of body composition, lung function and aerobic fitness in dependence on age. The results suggest that recreational cycling and running is associated with a favorable body composition and increased physical fitness, where the percentage of body fat in athletes corresponds to about 70–90% of the population norm, while physical fitness indices, maximum oxygen consumption and maximum exercise performance corresponded at about 140 to 150% of the population norms. The study confirms the assumption that the decrease in physiological functions and/or physical condition with age is much slower in those who participate in recreational sports than in the general nonsports population. 

/pdf/physiological-profiles-of-recreational-runners-and-cyclists-6udr53yn.pdf

Physiological Profiles of Recreational Runners and Cyclists Aged 20 to 60 Years

Doubtful validity of the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test.

ii CO-AUTHORSHIP STATEMENT iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES vii LIST OF FIGURES viii LIST OF APPENDICES ix LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS x CHAPTER 1: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 1 1.

Effects of a Novel High Intensity Interval Training Protocol Versus Continuous Training in National and International Class Collegiate Rowers on Indices of Aerobic and Anaerobic Power

In order to evaluate changes in parameters at the ventilatory threshold (VT) and in mechanical efficiency (ME) during training in the years 1982 and 1983 we tested seven top-class endurance runners on a treadmill. The VT and ME were assessed during their training period (January 1982 and 1983) and during their competitive period (March and July 1982). The maximal functional variables were almost constant during the training year, the maximal change in\(\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{{\text{2}} {\text{max}}} } \) being about 5%. Similarly,\(\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \) at the VT was almost constant; the maximal change in\(\dot V_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } \) at VT was also about 5%. Substantially greater changes, about 10%, were recorded in the velocity of running at the VT, at which the maximum was attained in July (18.9±0.8 km·h−1 or 5.25±0.22 m·s−1); this value was significantly higher than values assessed during the remaining tests. The greatest change, about 23%, during the training year was found in ME, for which the maximum was attained in July (35.7%±2.1%). This was not significantly different from the value recorded in March (34.5%±3.3%), but both values were significantly higher than those recorded during the training period. We can therefore conclude that in highly trained endurance runners the times needed to attain the optimal conditions for sports performance differ from the point of view of special speed training and from the point of view of mechanical-metabolic readiness.

Ventilatory threshold and mechanical efficiency in endurance runners

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Ventilatory threshold and mechanical efficiency in endurance runners