Highway Capacity Manual改訂の動向--テイラ-教授の講演より

Decision making for airport terminal planning, design and operations is a challenging task, since it should consider significant trade-offs regarding alternative operational policies and physical terminal layout concepts. Existing models and tools for airport terminal analysis and performance assessment are too specific (i.e., models of specific airports) or general simulation platforms that require substantial airport modelling effort. In addition, they are either too detailed (i.e., microscopic) or too aggregate (i.e., macroscopic), affecting, respectively, the flexibility of the model to adapt to any airport and the level of accuracy of the results obtained. Therefore, there is a need for a generic decision support tool that will incorporate sufficient level of detail for assessing airport terminal performance. To bridge this gap, a mesoscopic model for airport terminal performance analysis has been developed, that strikes a balance between flexibility and realistic results, adopting a system dynamics approach. The proposed model has a modular architecture and interface, enabling quick and easy model building and providing the capability of being adaptable to the configuration and operational characteristics of a wide spectrum of airport terminals in a user-friendly manner. The capabilities of the proposed model have been demonstrated through the analysis of the Athens International Airport terminal.

A generic system dynamics based tool for airport terminal performance analysis

The impact of the sporting industry on economic decision making has increased dramatically since the global media explosion in the 1980s. Tourism and advertising revenues generated by mega-events such as World Cups or Olympic Games have become a major boost to the economies of hosting nations. In addition, globalisation has placed great emphasis on the importance of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), especially to developing countries. This paper seeks to examine the impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on the South African economy. Using a 32-sector Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model, the various shocks on the economy, such as infrastructure developments, increased tourism and financing implications, are modelled. Results are shown and carefully explained within the context of the model. It is found that in the short term, there would only be a favourable outcome in the economy should financing be shared between higher present taxes and revenue generated from future economic growth and private investment.

/pdf/predicting-the-economic-impact-of-the-2010-fifa-world-cup-on-3s4deu0n7i.pdf

Predicting the economic impact of the 2010 FIFA World Cup on South Africa

With increasing popularity of telework arrangements especially among knowledge workers, effective knowledge access in the virtual setup is becoming vital to their performance. Despite the imperative, there has been a lack of theoretical and empirical efforts to investigate knowledge accessibility by distributed workers. Our study examines the gap between telework and central work in accessing knowledge with varying levels of tacitness (or implicitness), and in the use of communication media for knowledge exchange. Media theories offered a conceptual foundation for deriving relevant hypotheses. Necessary data were gathered from teleworkers working at companies with a large telework program in Japan. Both survey questionnaire and interviews were mobilized for balanced information gathering. Data analysis shows that, although information richness perception of a medium is largely rational, it is also partially re-structured by non-rationality factors. It also revealed significant discrepancies between telework and central-work in knowledge accessibility and in the patterns of media usage for knowledge access. Implications of the findings are discussed in terms of telework design and telework productivity.

Telework vs. central work: A comparative view of knowledge accessibility

Sport mega-event organizing committees have three uniquely challenging characteristics: They grow rapidly; they are temporary; they are accountable for event symbolisms. Effects of these characteristics are examined via participant observation and in-depth interviews with twelve lower-level employees of the Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games (BOCOG) two years before the Beijing Olympics. Four themes about their working lives were identified: The daily work is mundane; BOCOG is bureaucratic; privilege has its privileges; my immediate working environment nurtures me. The mega-event context was also important; workers described it using: The Olympics are great and grand; the Olympics are valuable for China; the Olympics illustrate the challenges that China faces in the 21st century; BOCOG is uniquely high profile; BOCOG helps us to understand Chinese society. Employees used four themes to describe the coping strategies they applied to manage the challenges of working for the organizing commit...

Marching in the Glory: Experiences and Meanings When Working for a Sport Mega-Event

Planning, designing, and implementing systems to support venue operations at the Olympic Games is complicated. The organizing committees must create designs that result in reliable, high-quality venue operations at reasonable cost. The organizational backdrop is unique. The organizing committee has a limited lifetime, it has no organizational memory, any learning disappears with its dissolution, and during its lifetime it must change rapidly from a function-oriented entity to a process-oriented one. The Athens 2004 Olympic Games Organizing Committee (ATHOC) used innovative techniques from management science, systems engineering, and information technology to change the planning, design, and operation of venues. We developed the Process Logistics Advanced Technical Optimization (PLATO) approach for the games. In the PLATO project, we developed a systematic process for planning and designing venue operations by using knowledge modeling and resource-management techniques and tools. We developed a rich library of models that is directly transferable to future Olympic organizing committees and other sports-oriented events. The direct financial benefit to ATHOC was the reduction of the costs of managing venue operations by over 69.7 million. The success of the games raised Greeces international profile in terms of capabilities in managing large and complex projects which, in the medium to long term, will yield financial, political, and social benefits. Internationally, the PLATO legacy of its Olympics knowledge base will enable future organizers of large-scale events to reuse and customize the knowledge to gain benefits and reduce the financial burdens on governments and society.

PLATO Helps Athens Win Gold: Olympic Games Knowledge Modeling for Organizational Change and Resource Management

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PLATO Helps Athens Win Gold: Olympic Games Knowledge Modeling for Organizational Change and Resource Management