Structural design, digital fabrication and construction of the cable-net and knitted formwork of the KnitCandela concrete shell

This paper explores the potential for new hybrid composite material applications in Architecture by re-thinking the role of fabrication in the process of form-generation. Our work presents the deve...

/pdf/architectural-hybrid-material-composites-computationally-4kk9d3fk32.pdf

Architectural hybrid material composites: computationally enabled techniques to control form generation.

Bending-active structures are able to efficiently produce complex curved shapes from flat panels. The desired deformation of the panels derives from the proper selection of their elastic properties. Optimized panels, called FlexMaps, are designed such that, once they are bent and assembled, the resulting static equilibrium configuration matches a desired input 3D shape. The FlexMaps elastic properties are controlled by locally varying spiraling geometric mesostructures, which are optimized in size and shape to match specific bending requests, namely the global curvature of the target shape. The design pipeline starts from a quad mesh representing the input 3D shape, which defines the edge size and the total amount of spirals: every quad will embed one spiral. Then, an optimization algorithm tunes the geometry of the spirals by using a simplified pre-computed rod model. This rod model is derived from a non-linear regression algorithm which approximates the non-linear behavior of solid FEM spiral models subject to hundreds of load combinations. This innovative pipeline has been applied to the project of a lightweight plywood pavilion named FlexMaps Pavilion, which is a single-layer piecewise twisted arch that fits a bounding box of 3.90x3.96x3.25 meters. This case study serves to test the applicability of this methodology at the architectural scale. The structure is validated via FE analyses and the fabrication of the full scale prototype.

/pdf/a-bending-active-twisted-arch-plywood-structure-48zkyzk2lr.pdf

A bending-active twisted-arch plywood structure: computational design and fabrication of the FlexMaps Pavilion

Extending recent work on Form Active Hybrid Structures of Active Bend and CNC knitted (Computer Numerical Control) tensile members we present a set of innovations in design and manufacturing, which together allow to build structural systems, that morph across multiple structural states. While state of the art tools and fabrications methods in textile hybrid structures provide architects and engineers with means to adopt the geometry of a chosen textile system to the requirements of a given site, constraints in design thinking, tools and manufacturing however still limit the ability to change the spatial and structural qualities and expressions within a textile object. The potentials of our developments to create new spatial expressions and atmospheres in textiles structures are demonstrated and evaluated through the large-scale installation Isoropia designed and built for the Danish Pavillion in the 2018 Venice Architectural Biennale.

Systems for transformative textile structures in CNC knitted fabrics – Isoropia

In this paper, we are presenting a design to fabrication system, which allows to produce efficiently and highly automated customised knitted textile elements for architectural application on indust...

Computational knit – design and fabrication systems for textile structures with customised and graded CNC knitted fabrics

Emerging directly from a masterclass held by the authors at IASS 2017, this paper presents a quantitative and qualitative benchmark comparison between three distinct software environments, namely SOFiSTiK, Kangaroo and Kiwi3d, framed specifically within the context of designing and simulating bending-active structures. The three environments differ significantly not only in their numerical methods and implementation but also in their stages of software development, licensing structure and design intent and so their comparison represents a timely and valuable insight into the status quo for the design of bending-active hybrid structures.

Exploring Software Approaches for the Design and Simulation of Bending Active Systems

Shell and tension surface structures are characterized by complex curved geometries with a potential for structural efficiency and formal quality. To unveil this potential, it is essential to define, modify and analyse complex geometries in an integral way. Describing complex, free-form geometries, within a computer-based design process, non-uniform rational B-Splines (NURBS)-based methods can be considered as standard within the common working process. The mathematical description of geometry with NURBS within a finite element-based analysis has become known as isogeometric analysis (IGA). As the basic descriptions of design and analysis models are equivalent, transforming steps (such as “meshing”, etc.) become irrelevant, and it is possible to fully unify the design and analysis environment. For the direct integration of isogeometric-based structural analysis into the design process the authors developed an interface for the computer aided design (CAD) environment that can directly access a broad field of analysis tasks (such as structural analysis, form-finding, etc.). As a result, the designing architect or engineer is capable of instantly estimating the structural qualities of arbitrary geometries. The integration of architectural and structural design by IGA with CAD enables an integrated design approach. This will be demonstrated in the context of the design of shell structures. To support the design process, the interface contains tools to provide important values such as strain energy to, for example, evaluate the structural efficiency of a random shell geometry within an early design stage. This strongly supports the designer to meet different design criteria derived from either structural or formal aspects. After a brief introduction of the isogeometric analysis method, this paper will highlight the potentials of this method through a variety of case studies. In each study both engineering and architectural design aspects will be addressed by comparing the process and the results of finite element analysis, and highlighting the integrated variability of design.

https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007%2Fs00004-016-0320-x.pdf

Integrated Design Approach for Shell Structures Using Isogeometric Analysis

This paper presents the potentials of applied isogeometric finite element analysis by discussing a variety of case studies in the context of lightweight design. Isogeometric Analysis (IGA) is a modern, non-standard discretization approach for finite element analysis, which uses Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) to describe the geometry (CAD) as well as the physics (CAE) of the system within the same modelling environment. Consequently, the gap between design and analysis is greatly reduced, as one consistent mathematical model description is used throughout the entire design process. Hence, IGA allows to unveil new potentials in computer-aided structural engineering, as it enables a tighter link between the digital design environments of architecture and engineering. This potential is highlighted in the paper through a series of case studies which were developed using the Rhino/Grasshopper plugin Kiwi3d. The case studies shown include form finding, complex non-linear analysis, as well as the simulation of building and assembly processes.

Isogeometric Methods at the Interface of Architecture and Engineering

Isoropia: an Encompassing Approach for the Design, Analysis and Form-Finding of Bending-Active Textile Hybrids

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Exploring Software Approaches for the Design and Simulation of Bending Active Systems

Integrated Design Approach for Shell Structures Using Isogeometric Analysis

Isogeometric Methods at the Interface of Architecture and Engineering

Isoropia: an Encompassing Approach for the Design, Analysis and Form-Finding of Bending-Active Textile Hybrids