The traditional chest radiograph is still ubiquitous in clinical practice, and will likely remain so for quite some time. Yet, its interpretation is notoriously difficult. This explains the continued interest in computer-aided diagnosis for chest radiography. The purpose of this survey is to categorize and briefly review the literature on computer analysis of chest images, which comprises over 150 papers published in the last 30 years. Remaining challenges are indicated and some directions for future research are given.

/pdf/computer-aided-diagnosis-in-chest-radiography-a-survey-2g53b77kmg.pdf

Computer-aided diagnosis in chest radiography: a survey

This article presents a novel approach to the problem of detail contrast enhancement, based on multiresolution representation of the original image. The image is decomposed into a weighted sum of smooth, localized, 2D basis functions at multiple scales. Each transform coefficient represents the amount of local detail at some specific scale and at a specific position in the image. Detail contrast is enhanced by non-linear amplification of the transform coefficients. An inverse transform is then applied to the modified coefficients. This yields a uniformly contrast- enhanced image without artefacts. The MUSICA-algorithm is being applied routinely to computed radiography images of chest, skull, spine, shoulder, pelvis, extremities, and abdomen examinations, with excellent acceptance. It is useful for a wide range of applications in the medical, graphical, and industrial area.

Multiscale image contrast amplification (MUSICA)

A study and modification of the local histogram equalization algorithm

A technique for automatic anatomically selective enhancement of digital chest radiographs is developed. Anatomically selective enhancement is motivated by the desire to simultaneously meet the different enhancement requirements of the lung field and the mediastinum. A recent peak detection algorithm and a set of rules are applied to the image histogram to determine automatically a gray-level threshold between the lung field and mediastinum. The gray-level threshold facilitates anatomically selective gray-scale modification and/or unsharp masking. Further, in an attempt to suppress possible white-band or black-band artifacts due to unsharp masking at sharp edges, local contrast adaptively is incorporated into anatomically selective unsharp masking by designing an anatomy-selective emphasis parameter which varies asymmetrically with positive and negative values of the local image contrast. >

Automatic anatomically selective image enhancement in digital chest radiography

A review on biomedical image processing and future trends.

Digital processing of chest radiographs

An image processing system for digital chest X-ray images.

The use of statistically based image enhancement techniques applied to chest radiographs has been investigated. These techniques include Unsharp Masking, Statistical Differencing and Median Filtering. Their properties are studied and similarities highlighted. In addition, the artefacts produced in the processing are considered, along with techniques for reducing their effects. The application to radiographic images of the chest is described, with consideration of computational requirements.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Image Enhancement Of Chest Radiographs Using Local Statistical Information

If a patient presents with symptoms indicative of a pneumothorax it is improbable that it would not be detected in a chest radiograph. However, detection on the radiograph can be difficult and a small pneumothorax may be missed when there is no clinical suspicion of its presence. This report presents some methods by which the characteristic pneumothorax edge may be enhanced by digital image processing. Various examples are given.© (1982) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Digital Enhancement Of Pneumothoraces

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Digital processing of chest radiographs

An image processing system for digital chest X-ray images.

Image Enhancement Of Chest Radiographs Using Local Statistical Information

Digital Enhancement Of Pneumothoraces