Current-induced motion of skyrmions is attracting attention due to its low critical current density, however, its microscopic mechanisms have not been elucidated yet. Using numerical simulations, the authors demonstrate a universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion, independent of disorder or nonadiabatic effects.

http://absimage.aps.org/image/MAR13/MWS_MAR13-2012-004008.pdf

Universal current-velocity relation of skyrmion motion in chiral magnets

The Skyrmion state in epitaxial B20 FeGe(111) thin films, determined by the topological Hall effect, is greatly extended in the phase diagram to cover all temperatures up to the Curie temperature T(C)≈271 K and over a wide magnetic field range that includes a zero magnetic field. The properties of the Skyrmion phase can be controlled and manipulated by the film thickness, which has a strong effect on the stabilization of Skyrmions.

/pdf/extended-skyrmion-phase-in-epitaxial-fege-111-thin-films-5bi478m9f6.pdf

Extended skyrmion phase in epitaxial FeGe(111) thin films

Magnetic skyrmions are deemed to be the forerunners of novel spintronic memory and logic devices. While their observation and their current-driven motion at room temperature have been demonstrated, certain issues regarding their nucleation, stability, pinning, and skyrmion Hall effect still need to be overcome to realize functional devices. Here, we demonstrate that focused He+-ion-irradiation can be used to create and guide skyrmions in racetracks. We show that the reduction of the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction in the track defined by ion-irradiation leads to the formation of stable isolated skyrmions. Current-driven skyrmion motion experiments and simulations reveal that the skyrmions move along the irradiated track, resulting in the suppression of the skyrmion Hall effect, and that the maximum skyrmion velocity can be enhanced by tuning the magnetic properties. These results open up a new path to nucleate and guide magnetic skyrmions in racetrack devices.

/pdf/helium-ions-put-magnetic-skyrmions-on-the-track-3kriowqgv8.pdf

Helium Ions Put Magnetic Skyrmions on the Track.

Magnetic skyrmions are promising candidates as elementary nanoscale bits in logic-in-memory devices, intrinsically merging high density memory and computing capabilities. Here we exploit the dynamics of skyrmions interacting with anisotropy energy barriers patterned by ion irradiation to design programmable logic gates. Using micromagnetic simulations with experimental parameters, we show that a fine tuning of the barrier height and width allows the selective tunneling of skyrmions between parallel nanotracks triggered by skyrmion-skyrmion interaction. This can be leveraged to design skyrmion De-multiplexer (DMux) logic gate which works solely using skyrmions as logic inputs. By cascading and connecting demultiplexer gates with a specific topology, we develop a fully programmable logic gate capable of producing any possible logic output as a sum of all minterms generated by a given set of inputs without requiring any complex additional electric/magnetic interconversion. The proposed design is fully conservative and cascadable and paves a new pathway for full skyrmionic-based logic-in-memory devices. 

/pdf/programmable-skyrmion-logic-gates-based-on-skyrmion-3vcrz5tb.pdf

Programmable Skyrmion Logic Gates Based on Skyrmion Tunneling

Magnetic skyrmions have potential applications in future high-density information storage devices due to their small size, topologically protected structure, and ultralow energy consumption. Here, we use a variational method to study rich topological spin textures in magnetic nanodisks, including skyrmions and skyrmionlike objects. The existence of skyrmions and $k\ensuremath{\pi}$-skyrmions in a single-phase nanodisk and a disk with a core-shell structure is investigated theoretically, where the phase diagrams of possible spin states are obtained for various Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) constants and disk dimeters. Our calculations suggest that skyrmions can be generated spontaneously in a core-shell nanodisk. We also study the transitions of spin textures in the nanodisk induced by spin currents. This paper may provide guidelines for experimental realization of different topological spin textures in nanodisks with certain DMIs. The simple two-dimensional analytical method used in this paper can be used to study the magnetic phase diagrams of thin films with interface-induced DMIs. 

Rich topological spin textures in single-phase and core-shell magnetic nanodisks

Magnetic skyrmions are topological structures which can be used to store information as data bits in metallic racetrack memories. Their good properties, such as their stability, small size and low currents needed to drive them make them better candidates than traditional magnetic domain walls for the building of the next generation data storage. A skyrmion racetrack memory has been suggested, with the binary data encoded in the distance between skyrmions when the racetrack is a single lane. Here, we propose a new skyrmion-based two-lane racetrack structure separated by a high-K (high magnetocrystalline anisotropy) middle lane, which confines the skyrmions in their respective lanes. This design gives a new data presentation for the skyrmions on the racetrack. Phase diagrams for the skyrmion motion on the proposed racetrack as functions of the current density, middle lane anisotropy, middle lane width and DMI constant have been calculated and given, demonstrating that skyrmions can be driven in different la...

Motion of Skyrmions in Well-Separated Two-Lane Racetracks

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Motion of Skyrmions in Well-Separated Two-Lane Racetracks