Manufacturing and low-velocity impact characterization of foam filled 3-D integrated core sandwich composites with hybrid face sheets

This paper deals with an innovative integrated hollow (space) E-glass/epoxy core sandwich composite construction that possesses several multi-functional benefits in addition to the providing lightweight and bending stiffness advantages. In comparison with traditional foam and honeycomb cores, the integrated space core provides a means to route wires/rods, embed electronic assemblies, and store fuel and fire-retardant foam, among other conceivable benefits. In the current work, the low-velocity impact (LVI) response of innovative integrated sandwich core composites was investigated. Three thicknesses of integrated and functionality-embedded E-glass/epoxy sandwich cores were considered in this study—including 6, 9 and 17 mm. The low-velocity impact results indicated that the hollow and functionality-embedded integrated core suffered a localized damage state limited to a system of core members in the vicinity of the impact. The peak forces attained under static compression and LVI were in accordance with Euler's column buckling equation. Stacking of the core was an effective way of improving functionality and limiting the LVI damage in the sandwich plate. The functionality-embedded cores provided enhanced LVI resistance due to energy additional energy absorption mechanisms.

Impact response of integrated hollow core sandwich composite panels

Ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables have become increasingly popular along with the trend of moving towards a healthy lifestyle. However, RTE vegetables are at a higher risk of containing pathogens, maybe owing to lack of rigorous sanitization procedures. To understand the prevalence and potential risk of Listeria monocytogenes in RTE vegetables, we investigated the contamination level and characteristics of L. monocytogenes isolated from fresh vegetables. Twenty-three (5.49%) of the 419 vegetables samples were positive for L. monocytogenes. Phylogenetic group I.1 (1/2a-3a) and II.2 (1/2b-3b-7) strains were predominant in 30 isolates, which accounted for 33.3 and 50.0%, respectively. Multilocus sequence typing of the 30 isolates grouped them into nine sequence types (STs). The most common STs were ST87 (36.7%) and ST8 (26.7%). Virulence analysis showed that all 30 isolates harbored eight classical virulence genes, 10.0% isolates harbored the llsX gene (ST3 and ST1 strains), and 36.7% carried the ptsA gene and belonged to ST87. Approximately 83.3% isolates carried full-length inlA, whereas five isolates had premature stop codons in inlA, three of which belonged to ST9 and two to ST8. Antibiotic susceptibility showed the isolates were varyingly resistant to 13 antibiotics, 26.7% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. The fresh vegetables contain some potential hypervirulent L. monocytogenes (ST1 and ST87) in the Chinese markets. In addition, the high rate of L. monocytogenes isolates was multi-drug resistant. Fresh raw vegetables may be a possible transmission route for L. monocytogenes infection in consumers. Therefore, sanitization of raw fresh vegetables should be strengthened to ensure their microbiological safety when used as RTE vegetables.

/pdf/genetic-characteristics-and-virulence-of-listeria-2dcoiruu4k.pdf

Genetic characteristics and virulence of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh vegetables in China.

Introduction: Looking to the applied significance of lumbar plexus in the form of its involvement in various injuries, direct or iatrogenic and entrapment, it is imperative to have a thorough knowledge about its formation, branching pattern, and variations. Tubbs et al referred to the lumbar plexus as a ‘no man's land’ because of relative inaccessibility of this region and there is infrequency in operating on retroperitoneal structures by neurosurgeons. However, a recent increase in retroperitoneal laparoscopic surgeries inspired us to revisit the anatomy of lumbar plexus. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 30 formalin embalmed cadavers available in the Department of Anatomy, RMC, PIMS, Loni, Maharashtra. Thorough dissection was performed to observe the formation of branches of lumbar plexus and measurements were taken from the adjacent bony landmarks. Result: Bilateral prefixation of the lumbar plexus was found in one cadaver bilaterally. Ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves were arising by a common stem in 11.66% of cases; in the remaining ones, they were having separate origins. In majority, 81.6% of the genitofemoral nerve pierced the medial third of the anterior surface of the psoas major muscle. Accessory obturator nerve was observed in 3 cases (5%) of 60 plexuses. The site of formation of femoral nerve was 5 cm inferior to the iliac crest in 71.6% of instances. The formation of obturator nerve was found to vary from the level of supracristal plane to 3.5 cm inferior to the plane; in 58.3%, it was 3 cm below the plane. Conclusion: The measurements given in this study will help the surgeon to avoid iatrogenic nerve injury as well as to assess them during lumbar plexus block.

Lumbar plexus and its variations

Distribution, contamination routes, and seasonal influence of persistent Listeria monocytogenes in a commercial fresh Hypsizigus marmoreus production facility

Vaginal hysterectomy is one of the common surgeries performed by the gynaecologist. Standard textbooks of gynaecology mention about stretch injury of the sciatic nerve and its peroneal branch as complications following vaginal hysterectomy, but not about femoral neuropathy. Hopper et al [1], described this rare entity by stating that this condition is not mentioned in reviews cataloguing complications of more than 1800 vaginal hysterectomies. Three cases of femoral neuropathy following vaginal hysterectomy are presented.

Case 1
A 36 year old patient of abnormal uterine bleeding with first degree uterovaginal prolapse was taken up for vaginal hysterectomy under epidural anaesthesia and the surgery lasted for 2 hours 15 minutes. She was kept on bed rest and continuous bladder catheter for 48 hours. On second postoperative day catheter was removed and the patient collapsed to the ground the moment she got up from the bed. Her vitals were within normal limits. Neurological examination revealed gross weakness of the quadriceps femoris muscles (more on right side), absent knee jerks and blunted sensation over anterior aspect of both thighs. The neurophysician opinion was “Postoperative bilateral femoral neuropathy”. She was managed with graded physiotherapy. The patient responsed to treatment and by third week she was walking with support and sensations had completely recovered. She was advised to continue physiotherapy at discharge and she was symptom free by six weeks.

Femoral Neuropathy following Vaginal Hysterectomy.

In the present scenario, the industries are looking for creating the model quickly and making the prototype. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a rising technology for a hefty choice of applications. This route has plenty of advantages such as the availability of a wide range of materials, fabrication speed and resolution of the final components. The current paper deals with the review of the recent developments in additive manufacturing methods and their applications. Further, the discussion has been made about the various materials used for additive manufacturing such as ceramic, polymer, composites and biomaterials. The survey denotes that fused deposition modeling has received the widespread attention of the researchers. Finally, some of the gaps in the research are found and reported.

Additive Manufacturing - A Literature Review

Sandwich composites offer high bending stiffness and low weight advantages. Currently, foam core and honeycomb core sandwiches are widely used in structural applications. These core types suffer from susceptibility to in-plane shear failure and buckling instability respectively. In the present work, glass pultruded tow rods and titanium pins (truss) have been embedded in Rohacell foam core to obtain sandwich composites. The resulting sandwich composites have been subjected to low velocity instrumented impact tests at five energy levels ranging from 11 J to 40 J impact energy. Similar samples have been also subjected to high strain rate testing on a Split Hopkinson’s Pressure Bar (SPHB) using a dynamic recovery technique. The failure modes of the sandwich composites with and without pin reinforcement at low velocity and high strain rate impact have been investigated through optical studies. The transverse stiffness of the cores and their composites has also been evaluated through static compression studies. The reinforcement of the core with the pins is compared with traditional core types such as foam and honeycomb cores with respect to their impact damage resistance.

Low Velocity and High Strain Rate Impact of Pin Reinforced Foam Core Sandwich Composites

To exploit the advantage of obtaining enhanced mass transfer rates in electrochemical processes, in the present study, experiments were conducted in gas-liquid up-flow electrochemical cells in the presence of string of disc promoter internal. Computation of mass transfer coefficients was facilitated by the measurement of limiting currents at the electrodes fixed flush with the inner surface of the perspex tube wall. An equimolar potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide solution in the presence of sodium hydroxide supporting electrolyte was used as the liquid phase and nitrogen was used as the inert gas phase. In gas-liquid up flow bubble columns in the presence of string of sphere promoter, the mass transfer coefficients were found to increase slightly with gas velocity, sphere diameter and rod diameter. The influence of liquid velocity and pitch was found to be negligible. The data were correlated using jD factor.

http://paper.uscip.us/AJHMT/AJHMT.2016.1013.pdf

Wall-to-Bulk Mass Transfer in Cocurrent Upflow Bubble Column with Coaxially Placed String of Spheres

Quality of Cheddar cheese from mixed milks by half-whey salting technique was evaluated with respect to its influence on gross chemical composition, other chemical indices, yield efficiency, mineral partitioning and their retention in cheese and texture profile of unripened cheese, including relationship between mineral content and textural characteristics. Fresh experimental cheeses made from mixed milks (buffalo : cow) in 70:30 (M 1 ) and 60:40 (M 2 ) proportions had significantly improved moisture and moisture-in-non fat substances (MNFS) with concomitant reduction in salt and salt-in-moisture (SM). A significant lower pH and higher acidity, a marked depletion of total ash, calcium, but not phosphorus with concomitant lower retention of calcium and phosphorus were observed. Such changes in moisture, MNFS and mineral make-up had significant influence on hardness. brittleness, gumminess and chewiness of M 1 milk cheeses, but not in case of M 2 milk cheeses. Total ash, calcium and phosphorus contents of cheese correlated significantly to a large number of textural characteristics. On the other hand, half-whey salting had no marked influence on fat, fat-on-dry matter (FDM), protein (except M 2 cheese), yield (except M 2 cheese) and recovery of milk constituents in cheese as well as proteolytic and lipolytic indices. Beneficial effect of admixing of cow's milk in higher proportion (60:40) was also noticed on moisture retention and texture characteristics.

Compositional and textural characteristics of unripened mixed milk Cheddar cheese manufactured by half-whey salting technique

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