One dilemma with health claims is that too much information can confuse consumers and too little information can mislead them. Instead of using only one side of the package, a laboratory study is used to examine the effectiveness of various front-sided health claims when used in combination with a full health claim on the back panel. The results indicate that the presence of a short health claim on the front label generates more specific attribute-related thoughts, more inferences, and creates a more believable and positive image of the product in the consumers’ mind than does a longer health claim on the front label. This article concludes with a discussion of how labeling information needs to be presented to effectively allow consumers to understand and use claim information.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/5/31255/01454916.pdf

Information processing

http://ein.org.pl/sites/default/files/2021-04-07.pdf

A fault tree-based approach for aviation risk analysis considering mental workload overload

Pilot interaction with complex vehicles involves information perception and understanding, as well as decision making to select and execute the desired action. These decisions and actions are often time-critical and require an accurate response. When designing a complex system, the analysis of human-in-the-loop system performance is important during early-stage system design to assess the impact of varying levels of automation, redundancy, and task allocation. We have integrated several human performance models with a model of a piloted vehicle to analyze human-in-the-loop performance using Draper Laboratory's Performance and Reliability Analysis via Dynamic Modeling (PARADyM) toolkit. This approach provides a framework for understanding the effects of a vehicle component failure or human error as it propagates through a complex system. Vehicle and human performance models, which include a model of the Space Shuttle Orbiter lateral flight dynamics, visual and vestibular perception, rule-based judgment and decision making, and pilot action, were implemented using MATLAB/Simulink?. Trajectory scenarios were simulated for analysis with and without instrumentation failures, and with and without human errors. The resulting pilot-vehicle performance during scenarios with a component failure was compared to a baseline (no failure) trajectory. Performance thresholds were specified to determine whether the resulting vehicle trajectory represented degraded performance that was within the specified bounds (operational) or outside the bounds (resulting in system loss). At the present stage, this analysis methodology is viable as an early-stage design tool. However, if associated with experimentally validated models for both the human performance and vehicle dynamics, this approach has the potential for a mission and configuration design analysis tool.

/pdf/markov-analysis-of-human-in-the-loop-system-performance-28b1bmnwms.pdf

Markov analysis of human-in-the-loop system performance

Elevated stress has been widely associated with physical and physiological threats as well as reduced work performance. However, there is still a lack of studies that investigate whether stress influences concurrently physiological and objective work performance. The purpose of this study is to examine whether workers’ level of stress or negative emotional symptoms correlates with their physiological coherence and work performance. Eighteen female operators who reported high severity levels of stress, assessed using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-42) were categorized as the risk group. The comparison group was formed by randomly selecting 18 of 99 female workers who had significantly lower DASS scores. Both participants attended one session of physiological measurement. Their work performance was observed by calculating their cycle time completing a product during five workdays. A significant difference in HRV between the two groups was also found in physiological and work performance measures. The results showed that workers in the risk group obtained significantly lower coherence levels and longer work cycle time than the control participants, indicating that negative emotional symptoms were parallel with physiological coherence and work performance. However, a weak correlation was found between work performance and negative emotional symptoms as well as physiological coherence. Despite the study limitations, our findings support to evidence the more complete picture of how stress affects female worker’s physiology and work performance, suggesting a need to implement effective workplace stress intervention. Further study is needed to be conducted among different group characteristics such as male and occupational settings.

The Influence of Stress on Industrial Operator’s Physiology and Work Performance

: The focus of this project was to assess potential improvements to the current wargame replication system used by the Land Force Operational Research Team (LFORT) in DRDC CORA through the integration of human interactors' intentions. The project, based on the analysis of problems in current wargame replication systems, reviews competing Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Human Behaviour Representation (HBR) approaches, tools and systems applicable to the wargame replication domain. For each identified approach, the main concepts, advantages, limitations and application areas are briefly described. The typical problems in wargame replications are categorized widely as situation / pattern assessment and recognition, knowledge discovery, decision making and planning. There is no single AI or HBR tool that is appropriate for resolving all of these problems. This project proposes a framework-based solution by combining human science results, existing approaches and human behaviour moderators to solve various problems in wargame replications.

/pdf/scoping-report-ai-driven-wargame-replicator-53sm4z7rji.pdf

Scoping Report: AI-Driven Wargame Replicator

The Man-machine Integrated Design and Analysis System (MIDAS) is an integrated human performance modeling software tool that symbolically represents a human's perceptual, cognitive and motor systems in an integrated fashion to produce emergent, high level behavioral predictions characteristic of actual human performance. MIDAS has been augmented in a number of significant ways to simulate even more realistic simulations of human behavior in various aerospace operational contexts. The effort undertaken in the current project culminated in an agent-based sub model (e.g. slots) that can be used by a variety of models to predict and recreate short- and long-term effects of stressors (fatigue, stress, time pressure, inadequate situation awareness, etc.) on performance in aerospace accidents/incidents causation. A computational simulation demonstrated performance influences brought to task performance by fatigue (as characterized by the Yerkes-Dodson theoretical threshold model) that is incurred while undertaking activities required to complete a goal behavior, and the impact of performance-influencing factors (PIFs) on human performance output by combining this with a primitive based action error vulnerability. This paper discusses the computational development effort undertaken in creating the conceptual relationship and PIF implementation in MIDAS.

/pdf/modeling-the-complexities-of-human-performance-12ikm7vnpo.pdf

Modeling the complexities of human performance

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Modeling the complexities of human performance