From revolution to convention: The past, present and future of radiocarbon dating

Detection : international update, and some emerging di-lemmas involving calibration, the blank, and multiple detection decisions

The capacity of the mammalian heart to regenerate cardiomyocytes has been debated over the last decades. However, limitations in existing techniques to track and identify nascent cardiomyocytes have often led to inconsistent results. Radiocarbon (14C) birth dating, in combination with other quantitative strategies, allows to establish the number and age of human cardiomyocytes, making it possible to describe their age distribution and turnover dynamics. Accurate estimates of cardiomyocyte generation in the adult heart can provide the foundation for novel regenerative strategies that aim to stimulate cardiomyocyte renewal in various cardiac pathologies.

/pdf/cardiomyocyte-renewal-in-the-human-heart-insights-from-the-57vdq6wftj.pdf

Cardiomyocyte renewal in the human heart: insights from the fall-out

A general (Bayesian) method for summarizing sets of radiocarbon determinations is presented, combining archaeological a priori considerations with the radiocarbon determinations to obtain dates on the calendar scale. The problems of outliers (which are common in radiocarbon dating) and robustness are addressed. Outliers are defined within this context and an extended model to cope with outliers is also presented. Two examples are presented to illustrate the techniques proposed.

Summarizing a Set of Radiocarbon Determinations: A Robust Approach

The general method currently used to analyze radiocarbon data (y) is conditional on the standard deviation (σ), reported by 14C laboratories, which reflects the uncertainty in the dating process. This uncertainty is measured through a series of empirical as well as theoretical considerations about the dating process, chemical preprocessing, etc. Nevertheless, σ is assumed as known in the statistical model for 14C data used since the dawn of the discipline. This paper proposes a method for the analysis of 14C data where the associated variance is taken as the product of an unknown constant α with the sum of the variance reported by the laboratory σ2 and the variance of the calibration curve σ2(θ) (that is, an unknown error multiplier). Using this approach, assuming that the 14C determination y arises from a Normal population and that, a priori, α has an inverse gamma distribution InvGa(a, b), the resulting dating model is a t distribution with 2a degrees of freedom. The introduction of parameters a and b allows a robust analysis in the presence of atypical data and at the same time incorporates the uncertainty associated with the intra- and interlaboratory error assessment processes. Comparisons with the common Normal model show that the proposed t model produces smoother posterior distributions and seem to be far more robust to atypical data, presenting a simpler alternative to the standard 14C outlier analysis. Moreover, this new model might be a step forward in understanding and explaining the otherwise elusive scatter in 14C data seen in interlaboratory studies.

/pdf/a-new-robust-statistical-model-for-radiocarbon-data-188jccyy07.pdf

A New Robust Statistical Model for Radiocarbon Data

Very small samples from the Shroud of Turin have been dated by accelerator mass spectrometry in laboratories at Arizona, Oxford and Zurich. As controls, three samples whose ages had been determined independently were also dated. The results provide conclusive evidence that the linen of the Shroud of Turin is mediaeval.

/pdf/radiocarbon-dating-of-the-shroud-of-turin-7rdf1ilylu.pdf

Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin

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Radiocarbon dating of the Shroud of Turin