Bioactive Compounds of Amaranth (genus Amaranthus)

Several species of Amaranthus have a long history of consumption as a vegetable/cereal and usage in traditional medicine. A great miscellany of healthful compounds such as fatty acids, steroids, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, minerals, and bioactives, including alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenolic acids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, and carotenoids have been found in Amaranthus seeds, roots, stem, and leaves, depending on the plant maturity stage, cultivar type, and geographical location. Preclinical studies have shown that the extracts and bioactive constituents of Amaranthus spp. confer several biological activities, including antioxidant, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, gastroprotective, cardioprotective, hypolipidemic, anticancerous, antidiabetic, and antimicrobial, which has ignited the interest of researchers in this modest vegetable all over the world. Although some potential health benefit-based mechanistic studies are available, a need exists to investigate in-depth the roles of these specific bioactives sourced from Amaranthus for their potential use in disease treatment and daily diet for a holistic well-being. Lately, investigators have also started to examine the use of amaranth leaves and seeds for the development of fortified food products whose consumption can lead to beneficial biological effects. Conversely, the plant is still missing recognition in the pharmaceutical and commercial food packaging sectors. The present chapter provides a detailed exploration of current research on the bioactive-constituents of amaranth, its use in traditional medicine, clinical studies validating traditional claims and recent trends in usage of this underutilized vegetable as a nutraceutical and functional food. This insight will be beneficial for encouraging exhaustive research which will promote effective utilization of amaranth.

Consumption of high fiber foods such as fruits and vegetables is beneficial in stabilizin g blood sugar. Therefore present study has been conducted to evaluate and determine the fiber and total sugar contents in leafy vegetables prescribed to diabetics in Kisangani. Fifty Nine participants (aged between 30 to 79 years) suffering from diabetes mellitus were interviewed on consumption of leafy vegetables that health workers prescribe for them. Result of the study revealed that 41.1% of the respondents consumed vegetables at least once in a day while 30.5% respondents consumed vegetables twice in a day. The most consumed vegetables were Manihot esculenta (84.8%), Amaranthus hybridis (55.9%) and Ipomoea batatas (41.1%). The fiber content ranges from 1g / 100g (Bracica oleracea & Solanum nigrum) to 3.6 g / 100 g (Amaranthus hybridis) while the sugar content was reported from 2.5g / 100g ( Abelmoschus esculentus) to 15.5 g / 100 g (Manihot esculenta). Results of the study identified some leafy vegetables which are rich in dietary fiber and consumption of these would be beneficial for the diabetics. Lusamaki Mukunda, Solomo Elumbu, Kayisu Kalenga, Nyongombe Utshudienyema, Posho Ikolonga, Mbutu Mango, Losimba Likwela and Batina Agasa

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Fiber and sugar contents in vegetables prescribed and consumed by diabetics in kisangani

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Fiber and sugar contents in vegetables prescribed and consumed by diabetics in kisangani