Adopted values for the reduced electric quadrupole transition probability, B(E2)↑, from the ground state to the first-excited 2+ state of even–even nuclides are given in Table I. Values of τ, the mean life of the 2+ state; E, the energy; and β, the quadrupole deformation parameter, are also listed there. The ratio of β to the value expected from the single-particle model is presented. The intrinsic quadrupole moment, Q0, is deduced from the B(E2)↑ value. The product E×B(E2)↑ is expressed as a percentage of the energy-weighted total and isoscalar E2 sum-rule strengths.

Table II presents the data on which Table I is based, namely the experimental results for B(E2)↑ values with quoted uncertainties. Information is also given on the quantity measured and the method used. The literature has been covered to November 2000.

The adopted B(E2)↑ values are compared in Table III with the values given by systematics and by various theoretical models. Predictions of unmeasured B(E2)↑ values are also given in Table III.

Transition probability from the ground to the first-excited 2^+ state of even-even nuclides

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 140

The way in which an atomic nucleus responds to excitations, whether by promoting individual nucleons into higher shells or by collective rotation or vibration, reveals many details of the underlying nuclear structure The response of the nucleus is closely related to its macroscopic shape Low-energy Coulomb excitation provides a well-understood means of exciting atomic nuclei, allowing the measurement of static and dynamic electromagnetic moments as a probe of the nuclear wavefunctions Owing to the availability of radioactive heavy-ion beams with energies near the Coulomb barrier, it is now possible to study the shape and collectivity of short-lived nuclei far from β stability (the so-called exotic nuclei), providing a particularly stringent test of modern theoretical nuclear structure models This review gives an introduction to the experimental techniques related to low-energy Coulomb excitation with radioactive ion beams and summarizes the results that were obtained over the last 10 years for a wide variety of exotic nuclei at various laboratories employing the isotope separation on-line technique

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0954-3899/37/10/103101/pdf

Shapes and collectivity of exotic nuclei via low-energy Coulomb excitation

https://escholarship.org/content/qt974348kc/qt974348kc.pdf?t=pghxgl

Nuclear Data Sheets for A=138

Background: Lifetimes of nuclear excited states in fission fragments have been studied in the past following
isotope separation, thus giving access mainly to the fragments’ daughters and only to long-lived isomeric states
in the primary fragments. For the first time now, short-lived excited states in the primary fragments, produced
in neutron-induced prompt fission of 235U and 241Pu, were studied within the EXILL&FATIMA campaign at the
intense neutron-beam facility of the Institute Laue-Langevin in Grenoble.
Purpose: We aim to investigate the quadrupole collective properties of neutron-rich even-even 138,140,142Xe
isotopes lying between the double shell closure N = 82 and Z = 50 and a deformed region with octupole
collectivity.
Method: The γ rays emitted from the excited fragments were detected with a mixed array consisting of 8 HPGe
EXOGAM Clover detectors (EXILL) and 16 LaBr3(Ce) fast scintillators (FATIMA). The detector system has
the unique ability to select the interesting fragment making use of the high resolution of the HPGe detectors
and determine subnanosecond lifetimes using the fast scintillators. For the analysis the generalized centroid
difference method was used.
Results: We show that quadrupole collectivity increases smoothly with increasing neutron number above the
closed N = 82 neutron shell. Our measurements are complemented by state-of-the-art theory calculations based
on shell-model descriptions.
Conclusions: The observed smooth increase in quadrupole collectivity is similar to the evolution seen in the
measured masses of the xenon isotopic chain and is well reproduced by theory. This behavior is in contrast to
higher Z even-even nuclei where abrupt change in deformation occurs around N = 90.

/pdf/measurement-of-picosecond-lifetimes-in-neutron-rich-xe-2tt0ynmys2.pdf

Measurement of picosecond lifetimes in neutron-rich Xe isotopes

We report on "safe" Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich (138,140,142) Xe nuclei. The radioactive nuclei have been produced by ISOLDE at CERN and post-accelerated by the REX-ISOLDE facility. The gamma-rays emitted by the decay of excited states have been detected by the MINIBALL array. Recent results are presented.

Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich (138,140,142) Xe at REX-ISOLDE

We report on the “safe” Coulomb excitation of neutron‐rich Cd, Xe, and Ba isotopes in the vicinity of the doubly‐magic nucleus 132Sn. The radioactive nuclei have been produced by ISOLDE at CERN and postaccelerated by the REX‐ISOLDE facility. The γ‐decay of excited states has been detected by the MINIBALL array. The presented preliminary results for the B(E2) values are consistent with expectations from phenomenological systematics and will be compared with theoretical calculations.

/pdf/quadrupole-collectivity-of-neutron-rich-nuclei-around-132sn-2ne55vic2h.pdf

Quadrupole collectivity of neutron‐rich nuclei around 132Sn

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Coulomb excitation of neutron-rich (138,140,142) Xe at REX-ISOLDE

Quadrupole collectivity of neutron‐rich nuclei around 132Sn