Thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes and their polymer nanocomposites: A review

The energy used for regulating building temperatures accounts for 14% of the primary energy consumed in the U.S. One-quarter of this energy is leaked through ineffcient glass windows in cold weather. The development of transparent composites could potentially provide affordable window materials with enhanced energy effciency. Transparent wood as a promising material has presented desirable performances in thermal and light management. In this work, the performance of transparent wood is optimized toward an energy effcient window material that possesses the following attributes: 1) high optical transmittance (≈91%), comparable to that of glass; 2) high clarity with low haze (≈15%); 3) high toughness (3.03 MJ m−3) that is 3 orders of magnitude higher than standard glass (0.003 MJ m−3); 4) low thermal conductivity (0.19 W m−1 K−1) that is more than 5 times lower than that of glass. Additionally, the transparent wood is a sustainable material, with low carbon emissions and scaling capabilities due to its compatibility with industryadopted rotary cutting methods. The scalable, high clarity, transparent wood demonstrated in current work can potentially be employed as energy effcient and sustainable windows for signifcant environmental and economic benefts.

https://www.fpl.fs.fed.us/documnts/pdf2020/fpl_2020_mi001.pdf

A Clear, Strong, and Thermally Insulated Transparent Wood for Energy Efficient Windows

Designing thermally conductive polymer is of scientific interest and practical importance for applications like thermal interface materials, electronics packing, and plastic heat exchangers. In this work, we study the fundamental relationship between the molecular morphology and thermal conductivity in bulk amorphous polymers. We use polyethylene as a model system and performed systematic parametric study in molecular dynamics simulations. We find that the thermal conductivity is a strong function of the radius of gyration of the molecular chains, which is further correlated to persistence length, an intrinsic property of the molecule that characterizes molecular stiffness. Larger persistence length can lead to more extended chain morphology and thus higher thermal conductivity. Further thermal conductivity decomposition analysis shows that thermal transport through covalent bonds dominates the effective thermal conductivity over other contributions from nonbonded interactions (van der Waals) and translat...

Role of Chain Morphology and Stiffness in Thermal Conductivity of Amorphous Polymers.

Thermal conductivity behaviour of polymers around glass transition and crystalline melting temperatures

We use a micrometer-scale optical beam deflection technique to measure the thermodiffusion coefficient DT at room temperature (≈24 °C) of dilute aqueous suspensions of charged polystyrene spheres with different surface functionalities. In solutions with large concentrations of monovalent salts, ≳100 mM, the thermodiffusion coefficients for 26 nm spheres with carboxyl functionality can be varied within the range −0.9 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 K-1 < DT < 1.5 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 K-1 by changing the ionic species in solution; in this case, DT is the product of the electrophoretic mobility μE and the Seebeck coefficient of the electrolyte, Se = ( − )/2eT, DT = −Se μE, where and are the single ion heats of transport of the cationic and anionic species, respectively. In low ionic strength solutions of LiCl, ≲5 mM, and particle concentrations ≲2 wt %, DT is negative, independent of particle concentration and independent of the Debye length; DT = −0.73 ± 0.05 × 10-7 cm2 s-1 K-1.

Transport of nanoscale latex spheres in a temperature gradient.

On the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of linear amorphous polymers

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On the temperature dependence of the thermal conductivity of linear amorphous polymers