The electrical resistivity measured by well logging tools is one of the most important rock parameters for indicating the amount of hydrocarbons present in a reservoir. The main interpretation challenge is to invert the measured data, solving for the true resistivity values in each zone of a reservoir. Inversion is not always an easy task because logging tools measure a bulk average resistivity. Thus reservoir heterogeneity can have a considerable effect on inversion accuracy. Two of the most significant problems are effects caused by regions adjacent to zones of interest and resistivity anisotropy (variation of resistivity with direction). The growing use of directional drilling has recently focused attention on the magnitude of anisotropy effect. Therefore this thesis concentrates on the new area of inversion in anisotropic reservoirs. The geologic origins of anisotropy are examined, and a parametric inversion method is introduced for obtaining directional resistivity values in layered media. Background is also provided on practical modeling methods for use in inversion, and on the physics of various resistivity loggingtools.

Modeling and Inversion Methods for the Interpretation of Resistivity Logging Tool Response

Drilling-Data Acquisition

Oil and gas has been discovered and used in our ordinary life for thousands of years. The word “petra” means “stone/rock” in Latin, and “-oleum” means “oil.” Early Chinese scientist Shen, Kuo (1031–95) once recorded early discovery of oil in his Dream Pool Essays . As a summary in his writing, he predicted that “…this thing will have a great future.” According to Wikipedia, “The earliest known oil wells were drilled in China in 347 AD or earlier. They had depths of up to about 800 feet (240 m) and were drilled using bits attached to bamboo poles. The oil was burned to evaporate brine and produce salt. By the 10th century, extensive bamboo pipelines connected oil wells with salt springs. ….In his book Dream Pool Essays written in 1088, the polymathic scientist and statesman Shen Kuo of the Song Dynasty coined the word 石油 ( Shiyou , literally “rock oil”) for petroleum, which remains the term used in contemporary Chinese.”

Introduction to Well Logging

Important stages in the development of electromagnetic logging tools based on national and foreign literature are considered: adaptation of traditional tools to logging while drilling and modification of tools for logging while drilling in order to provide the possibility of carrying out deeper and azimuthal measurements. Applied algorithms for modeling and interpreting data are briefly described, examples of tools which are used while drilling oil wells, including the national tool, are given.

/pdf/evolution-of-electromagnetic-logging-while-drilling-tools-1fvd7em9.pdf

Evolution of electromagnetic logging while drilling tools (based on national and foreign literature)

Resistivity and SP Logging

Formation Evaluation While Drilling With a Dual Propagation Resistivity Tool

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Formation Evaluation While Drilling With a Dual Propagation Resistivity Tool