Occupational lung diseases represent an important and serious public health problem. In order to contribute to the knowledge of the risks associated with the exposure to fertilizer production an environmental and epidemiological cross-sectional study was performed among workers of this industry in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. The ATS-DLD-78 questionnaire was applied, a thoracic radiological study was carried out, and the pulmonary function testing was evaluated through spirometry in 413 employees, 305 being the exposed group and 108 the non-exposed group. The exposed workers were all men, 74.1% had attended elementary school (at least some years), mean age was 38 (± 7.6) and mean time of exposure was 11.8 years (± 6.7). As to cigarette smoking, 126 (41.3%) were smokers, 76 (24.9%) former smokers, and 103 (33.8%) non-smokers. The exposed group was divided into four work sections according to the specific risks of their occupational exposure. The environmental evaluation showed the presence of free silica, gaseous fluorides, and gaseous ammonia in concentrations above the tolerance limits. Results of the exposed workers were: 30.5% of them answered positively to cough, 14.7% to chronic cough, 8.5% to chronic bronchitis, 43.3% to rhinitis, and 35.4% to conjunctivitis. The multivariate analysis, after adjustment for smoking, showed statistically significant association between exposure and cough as a whole, rhinitis and conjunctivitis. The thoracic radiological studies did not point to any considerable abnormality of pneumoconiosis in the exposed workers. Most of them presented normal pulmonary function testing, not different from the controls.

Avaliação ambiental e epidemiológica do trabalhador da indústria de fertilizantes de Rio Grande, RS

Analisou-se a ocorrencia de pneumoconiose em trabalhadores ligados a manipulacao de rocha fosfatica em deposito localizado no Municipio de Paulinia, Estado de Sao Paulo (Brasil). Entre os 73 trabalhadores expostos a essa materia prima, constatou-se ocorrencia de 20 casos de pneumoconiose (27,4%). Apos investigacao dos casos, constatou-se que os trabalhadores acometidos eram assintomaticos na sua maioria, com provas de funcao pulmonar pouco alteradas, com predominância de alteracoes de pequenas vias aereas, com 2 casos com padrao levemente restritivo. A biopsia de pulmao realizada em 2 pacientes nao revelou grau de fibrose significativo. A analise do material inalado, atraves de espectrometria de Raio-X e metodos colorimetricos nao evidenciou teor de silica livre suficiente para promover fibrose pulmonar. Concluiu-se tratar-se de pneumoconiose nao fibrogenica, de evolucao clinica ainda nao conhecida a ser melhor investigada utilizando-se estudos prospectivos. Recomendou-se o afastamento dos trabalhadores acometidos de pneumoconiose e mudancas no processo de trabalho do referido deposito, visando prevencao de novos casos.

/pdf/prevalencia-de-pneumoconiose-em-trabalhadores-expostos-a-59shlak4ye.pdf

Prevalência de pneumoconiose em trabalhadores expostos a rocha fosfática

[Respiratory pathology due to the production cycle of phosphate fertilizers: 2. Chronic bronchitis and functional respiratory changes].

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[Respiratory pathology due to the production cycle of phosphate fertilizers: 2. Chronic bronchitis and functional respiratory changes].