Recent developments in radiometric and mass spectrometry technologies have been associated in the radiometric sector mainly with underground operations of large volume Ge detectors, while the mass-spectrometry sector, represented mainly by accelerator mass spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry has become the most sensitive technique for ultra-low-level analyses of long-lived radionuclides. These new developments have had great impact on investigations of rare nuclear processes and applications of radionuclides in environmental, life and space sciences. New scientific investigations have been carried out therefore which have not been possible before either because of lack of sensitivity or required large sample size.

/pdf/new-ultra-sensitive-radioanalytical-technologies-for-new-1xw51dsk72.pdf

New ultra-sensitive radioanalytical technologies for new science

Radiocarbon in tree rings from a clean air region in Slovakia.

An international consortium of radiocarbon (14C) laboratories was established to date the origin of the St. George’s Rotunda in Nitrianska Blatnica (Slovakia), because its age was not well established in previous investigations. Altogether, 20 samples of wood, charcoal, mortar and plaster were analyzed. The 14C results obtained from the different laboratories as well as between the different sample types were in good agreement, resulting in a 14C calibrated age of 783–880 AD (94.2% probability) for the Rotunda. Although the 14C results have very good precision, the specific plateau-shape of the calibration curve in this period caused the wide range of the calibrated age. The probability distribution from OxCal calibration shows, however, that about 86% of the probability distribution lies in the period before 863 AD, implying that the Rotunda could have been constructed before the arrival of Constantine (St. Cyril) and St. Methodius to Great Moravia. The Rotunda thus probably represents the oldest standing purpose-built Christian church in the eastern part of Central Europe.

/pdf/radiocarbon-dating-of-st-george-s-rotunda-in-nitrianska-20u4ad6gwj.pdf

RADIOCARBON DATING of ST. GEORGE'S ROTUNDA in NITRIANSKA BLATNICA (SLOVAKIA): INTERNATIONAL CONSORTIUM RESULTS

Radiocarbon in the atmospheric gases and PM10 aerosol around the Paks Nuclear Power Plant, Hungary

To meet international and national commitments to decrease emissions of fossil fuels, cities around the world must obtain information on their historical levels of emissions, identifying hotspots that require special attention. Direct atmospheric measurements of pollution sources are almost impossible to obtain retrospectively. However, tree rings serve as an archive of environmental information for reconstructing the temporal and spatial distribution of fossil-fuel emissions in urban areas. Here, we present a novel methodology to reconstruct the spatial and temporal contribution of fossil-fuel CO2 concentration ([CO2F]) in the urban area of Medellin, Colombia. We used a combination of dendrochronological analyses, radiocarbon measurements, and statistical modeling. We obtained annual maps of [CO2F] from 1977 to 2018 that describe changes in its spatial distribution over time. Our method was successful at identifying hotspots of emissions around industrial areas, and areas with high traffic density. It also identified temporal trends that may be related to socioeconomic and technological factors. We observed an important increase in [CO2F] during the last decade, which suggests that efforts of city officials to reduce traffic and emissions did not have a significant impact on the contribution of fossil fuels to local air. The method presented here could be of significant value for city planners and environmental officials from other urban areas around the world. It allows identifying hotspots of fossil fuels emissions, evaluating the impact of previous environmental policies, and planning new interventions to reduce emissions.

Reconstructing past fossil-fuel CO2 concentrations using tree rings and radiocarbon in the urban area of Medellín, Colombia

Radiocarbon concentration in tree-ring samples collected in the south-west Slovakia (1974-2013).

Carbon stable isotope analyses were done on the α-cellulose extracted from 18 tree-ring samples of the 35 year old tree of the genus Populus using continuous flow system, Flash HT 2000 connected with Delta V Advantage isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). This technique provides a fast analysis of a very small amount of the sample (about 400 μg). The values of δ13C were identified in the range from -26.57 ‰ to -24.51 ‰ vs. PDB standard, with averaged standard deviation of about 0.22 ‰, and covered the time span from 1970 to 2001.

/pdf/13-c-measurements-of-alpha-cellulose-from-tree-ring-samples-35drxry4dz.pdf

13 C Measurements of Alpha-cellulose from Tree-ring Samples Using the IRMS Spectrometry

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Radiocarbon concentration in tree-ring samples collected in the south-west Slovakia (1974-2013).

13 C Measurements of Alpha-cellulose from Tree-ring Samples Using the IRMS Spectrometry