The primary significance of compositional analysis in archaeology lies on the spatial dimension, in distinguishing products made by locally or regionally-based groups. If compositional analysis is to be carried beyond the descriptive recording of similarities and differences, the resource procurement zone (and its geographical relationship to inferred places of manufacture) is a basic operational concept (Rands and Bishop 1980). A zonal concept is clearly indicated in the case of pottery, which frequently is derived from raw materials, clay and temper, that do not necessarily coincide in their place of procurement. Moreover, depending on geomorphological and geochemical variables, these materials may show considerable homogeneity over a fairly extended area. On the other hand, unless there is strong, selective patterning in the exploitation of resources, great heterogeneity within a restricted region may result in fragmented procurement zones that are difficult to equate with the products of specific manufacturing centers. Under favorable circumstances, however, it appears that methods of compositional analysis are approaching the point at which microzones of limited geographical extent can be recognized and assigned heuristically useful boundaries.

Ceramic Compositional Analysis in Archaeological Perspective

Overview of analytical methods for inorganic constituents in coal

pdf/modes-of-occurrence-of-elements-in-coal-a-critical-y1pfqy73tr.pdf

Modes of occurrence of elements in coal: A critical evaluation

Nuclear Data Sheets for A = 106

Automated carbon analyzer for particulate samples

Even-A Pd nuclei were studied using the reactions /sup 92/,/sup 94/,/sup 96/Zr(/sup 13/C,3ngamma)/sup 102/,/sup 104/,/sup 106/Pd The experiments included gamma-ray yield as a function of energy, gamma-ray angular distributions, gamma-ray linear polarizations, and gamma-gamma coincidence measurements A new treatment of gamma-gamma directional correlation from oriented nuclei, which combines data from all appropriate coincidence pairs to reduce uncertainties, has aided in determining multipolarities for 49 contaminated transitions Extensive decay schemes are presented which include many high-angular-momentum, positive- and negative-parity states In addition to the ground-state band, there appear to be three collective bands built on excited two-quasiparticle states The measurements favor a slightly deformed rotor description of these nuclei over an interpretation in terms of a vibrational (interacting boson) model (AIP)

Collective and two-quasiparticle excitations in /sup 102/,/sup 104/,/sup 106/Pd following (/sup 13/C,3n. gamma. ) reactions

Levels in $^{105,107}\mathrm{Ag}$ have been studied using heavy-ion reactions. The experiments included $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray yields as a function of bombarding energy, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray angular distributions, and three-detector $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coincidence measurements. The positive-parity band based on the unique-parity ${g}_{\frac{9}{2}}$ orbital in both nuclei exhibits a $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=1$ character, unlike its counterpart ${h}_{\frac{11}{2}}$ band in Pd nuclei. The energy levels, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray mixing ratios, branching ratios, and lifetimes in this band as well as in the ground-state negative-parity band are shown to be in good agreement with calculations using a particle-plus-rotor model at a small, symmetric deformation ($\ensuremath{\delta}=0.12$). The Coriolis and recoil effects are explicitly included and a variable moment of inertia is used. The low-lying "anomalous" $\frac{7}{{2}^{+}}$ state is also readily reproduced by this model. The calculation also shows that the $\ensuremath{\Delta}I=1$ nature of the positive-parity band results primarily from the fact that the Fermi surface is far from the $K=\frac{1}{2}$ state, whereas the transition properties are governed by the Coriolis mixing of the strong-coupled bands. Two bands built on the $\frac{17}{{2}^{\ensuremath{-}}}$ and $\frac{21}{{2}^{+}}$ states with high bandhead energies are thought to have three-quasiparticle configurations.NUCLEAR STRUCTURE $^{92}\mathrm{Zr}$($^{16}\mathrm{O}$,$p2n$)$^{105}\mathrm{Ag}$ at 60 MeV, $^{96}\mathrm{Zr}$($^{14}\mathrm{N}$, $3n$)$^{107}\mathrm{Ag}$ at 49 MeV: measured ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}(E(^{16}\mathrm{O}))$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}(E(^{14}\mathrm{N}))$, ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}(\ensuremath{\theta})$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ coin $\ensuremath{\gamma}\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ DCOQ. $^{105,107}\mathrm{Ag}$ deduced levels, $J$, $\ensuremath{\pi}$, $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ mixing ratios. Rotational model calculations, Coriolis, calculated levels, mixing ratios, branching ratios, lifetimes. Ge(Li) detectors.

States in Ag-105, Ag-107 populated by heavy-ion reactions and interpreted by a quasiparticle-plus-rotor model

The collective excitation of 103Pd following (heavy ion, xn) reactions

$\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray linear polarization measurements have been used to locate negative parity states in the even-odd isotopes $^{99,101,103}\mathrm{Pd}$. A Compton polarimeter based on two Ge(Li) coaxial detectors was used. Collective bands ($I={\frac{11}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}, {\frac{15}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}, {\frac{19}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}, \dots{}$) built on ${\frac{11}{2}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ states were observed in $^{101}\mathrm{Pd}$ and $^{103}\mathrm{Pd}$. Many negative parity states were also observed in $^{99}\mathrm{Pd}$, but they do not appear to be part of a similar collective band. These polarization measurements also confirm many angular momentum assignments which previously had been made using systematic arguments.NUCLEAR REACTIONS $^{90,92,94}\mathrm{Zr}(^{12}\mathrm{C}, 3n)$, $E=48\ensuremath{-}56$ MeV; measured linear polarization of $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays; parities and multipole mixing ratios in $^{99,101,103}\mathrm{Pd}$ transitions deduced.

Gamma-ray linear polarization measurements following heavy-ion bombardment of odd isotopes of Pd

Symmetric rotor interpretation of transitional nuclei

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