Natural products are used since ancient times in folklore for the treatment of various ailments. Plant-derived products have been recognized for many years as a source of therapeutic agents and structural diversity. A literature survey has been carried out to determine the utility of natural molecules and their modified analogs or derivatives as pharmacological active entities. This review presents a study on the importance of natural products in terms of drug discovery and development. It describes how the natural components can be utilized after small modifications in new perspectives. Various new modifications in structure offer a unique opportunity to establish a new molecular entity with better pharmacological potential. It was concluded that in this current era, new attempts are taken to utilize the compounds derived from natural sources as novel drug candidates, with a focus to find and discover new effective molecules that were referred to as "new entities of natural product drug discovery."

Natural products: A lead for drug discovery and development.

Exploring the multifocal role of phytochemicals as immunomodulators.

Our immune system depends on leucocytes or white blood cells which possess the power to produce antibodies to fight various disease-causing pathogens. People have now realized the crucial role played by the immune system in keeping them healthy. Therefore, recent scenario has witnessed an upsurge in the demand of immunity boosting foods. The use of naturally available fruits as immunomodulators is so ubiquitous and just needs concrete scientific proofs for claiming its efficacy. Many studies have shown that fruits are abundant in bioactive compounds like vitamins (vitamin A, C, E, etc.), minerals, and phytochemicals (like β- carotene, flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics, etc.). These components have the potential to enhance our immunity by supporting the proliferation of lymphocytes, scavenging free radical species, reducing oxidative stress, improving anti-inflammatory as well as immunomodulatory mechanism, and supporting aggregation of platelets. Thus, supplementation of diet with an appropriate amount of fruits daily could support body's natural defense by strengthening our immune response. In this preface, we attempt to summarize the significant role played by various phytochemicals and bioactive compounds of fruits in boosting our immune system. 

Immunomodulatory potential of phytochemicals and other bioactive compounds of fruits: A review

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which chiefly originatesfroma retrovirus named Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), has impacted about 70 million people worldwide. Even though several advances have been made in the field of antiretroviral combination therapy, HIV is still responsible for a considerable number of deaths in Africa. The current antiretroviral therapies have achieved success in providing instant HIV suppression but with countless undesirable adverse effects. Presently, the biodiversity of the plant kingdom is being explored by several researchers for the discovery of potent anti-HIV drugs with different mechanisms of action. The primary challenge is to afford a treatment that is free from any sort of risk of drug resistance and serious side effects. Hence, there is a strong demand to evaluate drugs derived from plants as well as their derivatives. Several plants, such as Andrographis paniculata, Dioscorea bulbifera, Aegle marmelos, Wistaria floribunda, Lindera chunii, Xanthoceras sorbifolia and others have displayed significant anti-HIV activity. Here, weattempt to summarize the main results, which focus on the structures of most potent plant-based natural products having anti-HIV activity along with their mechanisms of action and IC50 values, structure-activity-relationships and important key findings.

https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/9/2070/pdf

Structure-Activity-Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Anti-HIV Natural Products.

Effects of aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts from drumstick tree (Moringa oleifera) on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) leucocytes, and their cytotoxic, antitumor, bactericidal and antioxidant activities.

A strong, well-functioning immune system is the cornerstone of good health. Immunity is the balanced state of having adequate biological defenses to fight infection, disease, or other unwanted biological invasion while having tolerance to avoid allergy and autoimmune diseases. Immune responses are the result of an effective interaction between innate (natural and non-specific) and acquired (adaptive and specific) components of the immune system. Over the last three decades, there has been remarkable interest in the immune system as a potential target of toxicity following exposure to drugs, chemicals or environmental pollutants. Immunodeficiencies occur when one or more of the components of the immune system are inactive. Many factors play a significant role in altering the immunocompetence such as age, sex, genetic variability, stress, alcohol/drug abuse, malnutrition, environmental pollution, lifestyle. Immunomodulation is a very broad term which refers to any changes in the immune response and may involve induction, expression, amplification or inhibition of any part or phase in the immune response. In clinical perspective immunomodulators can be classified into the following three categories: Immunoadjuvants, immunostimulants, and immunosuppresants. A diverse array of synthetic, natural and recombinant compounds is available with both merits and demerits. Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compound with bioactive potentials, which have potential immunostimulating activity. The present review focused on the immune-modulating activity of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, polysaccharides, lectins, glycosides, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, anthocyanins, tannins, saponins, terpenoids, sterols and also explains the role of antioxidants as immune-modulators.

/pdf/role-of-phytochemicals-as-immunomodulatory-agents-a-review-2rq8n70a5u.pdf

Role of phytochemicals as immunomodulatory agents: A review

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Role of phytochemicals as immunomodulatory agents: A review