The arsenic contamination in soil-water-plant systems is a major concern of where, the groundwater is being contaminated with arsenic (above 0.01 mg/L) in the Indian subcontinent. The study was conducted with organic matter to find out the reducing effect on arsenic load to rice (cv. Khitish). It was observed that intermittent ponding reduced arsenic uptake (23.33% in root, 13.84% in shoot and 19.84% in leaf) at panicle initiation stage, instead of continuous ponding. A decreasing trend of arsenic accumulation (root > straw > husk > whole grain > milled grain) was observed in different plant parts at harvest. Combined applications of lathyrus + vermicompost + poultry manure reduced arsenic transport in plant parts (root, straw, husk, whole grains and milled grain) which was significantly at par (p > 0.05) with chopped rice straw (5 tons/ha) + lathyrus green manuring (5 tons/ha) in comparison to control and corresponding soils. A significant negative correlation of arsenic with phosphorus (grain P with arsenic in different parts R2= 0.627-0.726 at p > 0.01) was observed. Similarly, soil arsenic had a negative correlation with soil available phosphorus (R2 = 0.822 at p > 0.001) followed by soil nitrogen (R2= 0.762 at p > 0.01) and soil potassium (R2 = 0.626 at p > 0.01). Hence, effective management of contaminated irrigation water along with organic matter could reduce the arsenic build up to plants and soil.

Effect of water regimes and organic matters on transport of arsenic in summer rice (Oryza sativa L.)

Arsenic (As) is considered to be the environmental contaminant of greatest concern due to its potential accumulation in the food chain and in humans. Using novel synchrotron-based x-ray fluorescence techniques (including sequential computed tomography), short-term solution culture studies were used to examine the spatial distribution of As in hydrated and fresh roots of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata ‘Red Caloona’) seedlings exposed to 4 or 20 µm arsenate [As(V)] or 4 or 20 µm arsenite. For plants exposed to As(V), the highest concentrations were observed internally at the root apex (meristem), with As also accumulating in the root border cells and at the endodermis. When exposed to arsenite, the endodermis was again a site of accumulation, although no As was observed in border cells. For As(V), subsequent transfer of seedlings to an As-free solution resulted in a decrease in tissue As concentrations, but growth did not improve. These data suggest that, under our experimental conditions, the accumulation of As causes permanent damage to the meristem. In addition, we suggest that root border cells possibly contribute to the plant’s ability to tolerate excess As(V) by accumulating high levels of As and limiting its movement into the root.

Examination of the distribution of arsenic in hydrated and fresh cowpea roots using two- and three-dimensional techniques

The response of two varieties of rice plant (BR-28 and BR-29) to arsenic accumulation added from two sources (As III and As V ) under two different water regimes (100 and 75% of field capacity) were examined. Treatments added to soil were 0, 10, 20 and 40 mg As/kg soil. Plant samples were collected after 120 and 140 days from seed sowing, for BR-28 and BR-29 respectively. Delayed seedling emergence; reduced plant growth; yellowing and wilting of leaves; brown necrotic spots on old leaves; and, finally, reduced grain yield of the two varieties, confirmed the symptoms of As toxicity. Arsenic accumulation by plants growing with either As III or As V increased with increasing As treatment, irrespective of water regimes. However, the accumulation was greater in the arsenite-treated soil than that in the arsenate-treated one, indicating the higher phytoavailability of As III . Most of the As taken up by plants was sequestered in the root, followed by straw and grain. In roots of BR-28, the maximum As accumulation from arsenite-treated soil was 17.6 mg/kg dry weight (d.w.) at 100% field capacity (f.c.), whereas at 75% f.c. it was 15.4 mg/kg d.w. and for the roots of BR-29 the values were 31.04 mg/kg d.w and 22.65 mg/kg d.w. at 100 and 75% of f.c. respectively. Arsenic in straw and grain was lower for plants of both varieties at 75% of f.c. However, there have been some varietal differences in the response to As III or As V . The paper discusses the possible management of moisture regimes to reduce the phytoavailability of arsenic, thereby mitigating its toxicity in the rice crop.

/pdf/arsenic-mitigation-strategy-for-rice-using-water-regime-3r1bocjrxi.pdf

Arsenic mitigation strategy for rice, using water regime management

Arsenic is a well-known toxic metalloid that enters the soil through both natural processes and anthropological activities and occurs in the form of various chemical species. Absorption of arsenic by plant root is influenced by many factors, including plant species, the concentration of arsenic in the soil, soil properties such as pH and clay content, and the presence of other ions. Aquaglyceroporins mediate the uptake of As3+ and undissociated methylated arsenic species in plants, whereas being a phosphate analog, As5+ is taken up by phosphate transporter. The primary cause of As3+ toxicity is its interference with a variety of enzymes because it has a high affinity to sulfhydryl groups found in many enzymes, whereas being a phosphate analog, As5+ can substitute inorganic phosphate in a plethora of biochemical processes, thus affecting the key metabolic processes in the cell. Arsenic toxicity is also mediated by oxidative stress by producing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and affecting antioxidant defenses in plants. In arsenic non-hyperaccumulating plants, reduced uptake of As5+ due to suppression of the high-affinity phosphate uptake system, As5+ reduction to As3+ by arsenate reductase and subsequently complex formation with thiols, particularly phytochelatins (PCs) and glutathione and sequestration in roots provide tolerance to arsenic. In hyperaccumulator plants, arsenic tolerance mechanisms involve enhanced As5+ uptake, decreased As3+–thiol complexation, As3+ efflux to the external medium, significant enhanced xylem translocation, and sequestration of As3+ in vacuoles of fronds/leaves.
 There is a need to remediate arsenic contaminated soils and reduce the concentration of arsenic in the edible parts of the crops grown in these areas. Enhanced understanding of the mechanisms of arsenic uptake, translocation, resistance, accumulation, transport, and toxicity in plants is needed for the production of arsenic-resistant plants for safe cropping and phytoremediation. The existence of natural variation in arsenic tolerance of plants and soil-microbiota can be utilized for this purpose. Arsenic hyperaccumulator plants take up and sequester exceptionally high concentrations of arsenic in the aboveground parts and hence offer a great promise to phytoremediation of arsenic. Plant breeding techniques and genetic engineering approaches have been employed to enhance arsenic tolerance in plants. Arsenic-tolerant crop plants with less arsenic in edible parts and very high arsenic accumulation in leaves have been developed, but their performance under various soil conditions, climatic conditions, and geographical areas remains to be tested. Approaches till now are focused on the introduction of few genes associated with detoxification, sequestration, and efflux of arsenic in plants; however, to make real progress, a multifaceted transgenic approach using multiple gene targets and testing in various field conditions is required.

Arsenic Toxicity and Tolerance Mechanisms in Crop Plants

Using quantitative ion character-activity relationship (QICAR) method in evaluation of metal toxicity toward wheat.

Arsenic phytotoxicity: effect on crop yield and crop quality.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

P. Bhattacharya

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Arsenic phytotoxicity: effect on crop yield and crop quality.