The use of ultra-high intensity laser beams to achieve extreme material states in the laboratory has become almost routine with the development of the petawatt laser. Petawatt class lasers have been constructed for specific research activities, including particle acceleration, inertial confinement fusion and radiation therapy, and for secondary source generation (x-rays, electrons, protons, neutrons and ions). They are also now routinely coupled, and synchronized, to other large scale facilities including megajoule scale lasers, ion and electron accelerators, x-ray sources and z-pinches. The authors of this paper have tried to compile a comprehensive overview of the current status of petawatt class lasers worldwide. The definition of ‘petawatt class’ in this context is a laser that delivers .

/pdf/petawatt-class-lasers-worldwide-4lv5sj6zyy.pdf

Petawatt class lasers worldwide

We report a comprehensive investigation of femtosecond continuum generation in single crystals of several common laser host materials. The absolute spectral energy density, pulse-to-pulse stability, pump threshold, and beam profile are studied in dependence on the focusing conditions, crystal thickness, pump pulse energy, and pump wavelength (775–1600 nm). Continuum generation is shown at repetition rates of up to 80 MHz and for pump pulse durations of up to 350 fs. In yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG), yttrium vanadate (YVO4), gadolinium vanadate (GdVO4), and potassium-gadolinium tungstate (KGW) thresholds below 50 nJ, plateau-like visible and infrared spectra, and higher infrared photon flux as compared to conventional materials like sapphire are found. We discuss the particular advantages of these materials for application in parametric amplification, femtosecond spectroscopy, and carrier-envelope phase stabilization.

Femtosecond continuum generation in bulk laser host materials with sub-μJ pump pulses

560 TW peak power has been achieved experimentally using a Cr:forsterite master oscillator at 1250 nm, a stretcher, three optical parametrical amplifiers based on KD*P crystals providing 38 J energy in the chirped pulse at 910 nm central wavelength, and a vacuum compressor providing 43 fs pulse duration. To our knowledge, it is a world-record OPCPA system and one of the five most powerful laser systems currently available.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1002/lapl.200710008/pdf

Compact 0.56 Petawatt laser system based on optical parametric chirped pulse amplification in KD*P crystals

We present an experimental study on the drilling of metal targets with ultrashort laser pulses at high repetition rates (from 50 kHz up to 975 kHz) and high average powers (up to 68 Watts), using an ytterbium-doped fiber CPA system. The number of pulses to drill through steel and copper sheets with thicknesses up to 1 mm have been measured as a function of the repetition rate and the pulse energy. Two distinctive effects, influencing the drilling efficiency at high repetition rates, have been experimentally found and studied: particle shielding and heat accumulation. While the shielding of subsequent pulses due to the ejected particles leads to a reduced ablation efficiency, this effect is counteracted by heat accumulation. The experimental data are in good qualitative agreement with simulations of the heat accumulation effect and previous studies on the particle emission. However, for materials with a high thermal conductivity as copper, both effects are negligible for the investigated processing parameters. Therefore, the full power of the fiber CPA system can be exploited, which allows to trepan high-quality holes in 0.5mm-thick copper samples with breakthrough times as low as 75 ms.

High speed laser drilling of metals using a high repetition rate, high average power ultrafast fiber CPA system.

Tm(3+)-Yb(3+) codoped transparent oxyfluoride glass ceramics containing LaF(3) nanocrystals were obtained by thermal treatment on the as-made glasses. The formation of LaF(3) nanocrystals and the incorporation of Tm(3+) and Yb(3+) into LaF(3) nanocrystal lattice were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Infrared quantum cutting involving Yb(3+) 950-1100 nm ((2)F(5/2)--> (2)F(7/2)) emission was achieved upon the excitation of the (1)G(4) energy level of Tm(3+) at 468 nm. We measured the photoluminescence properties of these glass ceramics. We also investigated the thermal treatment duration dependent quantum efficiency, and found that the quantum efficiency is 13% increased for the 0.5Tm(3+)-4Yb(3+) doped glass ceramic with a maximum value of 144%, and 16% increased for the 0.5Tm3+-8Yb3+ doped glass ceramic with a maximum value of 162%, respectively.

Enhanced cooperative quantum cutting in Tm3+- Yb3+ codoped glass ceramics containing LaF3 nanocrystals.

We present experimental results on the optical parametric chirped pulse amplification and compression of femtosecond pulses. Chirped pulses with spectral width 70 nm were amplified in a three-stage optical parametric amplifier system up to 35 J. The measured amplified pulsewidth after compression was 85 fs indicating a potential peak power of over 0.35 PW.

Recent progress towards a petawatt power using optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

Central Laser Facility, CCLRCRutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11OQX,UK. Abstract: We present experimental results on theoptical parametric chirped pulse amplification andcompression offemtosecond pulses. Chirped pulses withspectral width 70nm wereamplified inathree-stage optical parametric amplifier system upto35J.The measured amplified pulsewidth after compression was85fsindicating apotential peakpower ofover0.35PW.

Recent Progress Towards aPetawatt PowerUsing Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification

We have experimentally demonstrated a large-scale optical parametric chirped pulse amplification to the level of 35 J. This is believed the highest energy of amplified pulse achieved by the OPCPA technique. The large scale OPCPA demonstrated broadband gain bandwidth with high optical quality and compressability of the amplified pulse. The measured amplified pulsewidth after compression was 85 fs indicating a potential peak power of over 0.35 PW.

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/iel5/10486/33242/01568185.pdf

High energy optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system

We report on what is believed to be the first large-aperture and high-energy optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system. The system, based on a three-stage amplifier, shows 25% pump-to-signal conversion efficiency and amplification of the full 70 nm width of the seed spectrum. Pulse compression to 84 fs achieved after amplification indicates a potential of 300 TW pulse power for 35 J amplified pulse energy.

35 J broadband femtosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system

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Recent progress towards a petawatt power using optical parametric chirped pulse amplification

Recent Progress Towards aPetawatt PowerUsing Optical Parametric Chirped Pulse Amplification

High energy optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system

35 J broadband femtosecond optical parametric chirped pulse amplification system