About 90% of thyroid cancers are differentiated thyroid cancers. Approximately 85% of follicular cell derived tumors constitute papillary carcinoma and 12% of it constitute follicular carcinoma including conventional and oncocytic (Hurtle cell) carcinomas [3]. Differentiated thyroid cancers develop from thyroid follicular cells. The survival rates of differentiated thyroid cancers are quite high. The 10-year survival rate is reported as 93% for papillary carcinoma and 85% for follicular carcinoma [4]. However, 10-year survival rate of distant metastatic papillary thyroid cancer is reported as 70% [5]. A small group (approximately <3%) of undifferentiated-anaplastic tumors arising from follicular cells, an aggressive tumor with invasive and early metastases, survival expectancy in anaplastic carcinomas is 3-6 months [6-8]. 20-30% of anaplastic cancers have syncrhonous differentiated thyroid cancer with papillary cancer in the majority [9]. Anaplastic thyroid cancer is clinically considered as stage 4 [10]. Medullary thyroid carcinoma originating from parafollicular cells constitutes approximately 1-2% of total thyroid carcinomas. It may be sporadic (about 75%) or hereditary. Hereditary form is associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and B (MEN-2A, MEN-2B) and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma. Life expectancy in medullary carcinoma is about 8.6 years [11].

/pdf/bone-metastasis-in-thyroid-cancer-a-literature-review-37ri2b3ieq.pdf

Bone Metastasis in Thyroid Cancer: A Literature Review

Patients with cancer are at increased risk of painful vertebral compression fractures (VCFs). The Cancer Patient Fracture Evaluation (CAFE) trial was the first randomised controlled study to compare the safety and effectiveness of balloon kyphoplasty (BKP – a minimally invasive procedure) with non-surgical fracture management in the treatment of VCFs in patients with cancer. Data from the CAFE trial demonstrated that BKP is a safe and effective treatment option that quickly reduces pain and improves physical function and vertebral body height in patients with cancer and painful VCFs. Data from peer-reviewed published studies support the CAFE trial findings.

Balloon Kyphoplasty in the Treatment of Vertebral Compression Fractures in Cancer Patients

Purpose. The aim of this study was to assess retrospectively the safety and efficacy of combined radiofrequency (RF) and kyphoplasty (KP) in managing painful osteolytic metastases to vertebral bodies resistant to conservative treatments. Materials and methods. Eleven patients (9 women and 2 men; mean age 68 years; age range 58–82) with painful osteolytic vertebral body metastases unresponsive to conservative treatments underwent RF combined with KP under general anaesthesia. Primary neoplasms were kidney carcinoma (n=1), breast carcinoma (n=1), thyroid carcinoma (n=2) and multiple myeloma (n=7). Lesion levels were cervical (n=1), thoracic (n=9) and lumbar (n=1). Combined RF and KP was well-tolerated by all patients. The procedures were performed using fluoroscopic guidance and intraoperative neurophysiology monitoring. Pain relief with the visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score and analgaesic consumption were evaluated before and after treatment. Results. No complication occurred. In one case, we observed an asymptomatic cement leakage. Pain significantly decreased after treatment: the mean VAS pain score before treatment was 8 (range 7–10) vs. 1.8 (range 0–3) and 1.9 (range 1–3), respectively, 72 h and 6 weeks after the treatment. Analgaesic reduction was achieved in all patients. Conclusions. RF combined with KP represents a potential alternative method for palliation of painful spinal Riassunto Obiettivo. Scopo di questo studio e stato valutare retrospettivamente la sicurezza e l’efficacia dell’utilizzo combinato di radiofrequenza (RF) e cifoplastica (CP) per il trattamento del dolore correlato a lesioni osteolitiche metastatiche del corpo vertebrale resistente ai trattamenti conservativi standard. Materiali e metodi. Undici pazienti (9 donne e 2 uomini), con eta media di 68 anni (range 58–82), affetti da metastasi osteolitiche del soma vertebrale associate a dolore resistente ai trattamenti conservativi standard, sono stati sottoposti all’utilizzo combinato di RF e CP in anestesia generale. Le neoplasie primitive erano di origine renale (n=1), mammaria (n=1), tiroidea (n=2), e mielomatosa (n=7). Il livello della lesione era cervicale (n=1), toracico (n=9) e lombare (n=1). La procedura combinata di RF e CP e stata ben tollerata da tutti i pazienti. Le procedure sono state eseguite con l’ausilio dell’amplificatore di brillanza e del monitoraggio neurofisiologico intraoperatorio. La riduzione del dolore, considerata secondo la scala analogica del dolore (VAS), e l’assunzione di farmaci analgesici, sono stati valutati prima del trattamento, dopo 72 ore e a 6 settimane dalla procedura. Risultati. Non si sono verificate complicazioni. Il dolore e significativamente diminuito dopo il trattamento: il valore medio era di 8 (range 7–10) prima del trattamento, passando a 1,8 (range 0–3) 72 ore dopo il trattamento e quindi a 1,9 (range 1–3) a 6 settimane dalla procedura. La MUSCULOSKELETAL RADIOLOGY RADIOLOGIA MUSCOLO-SCHELETRICA Radiol med (2010) 115:261–271 DOI 10.1007/s11547-009-0431-5 Combined radiofrequency and kyphoplasty in painful osteolytic metastases to vertebral bodies Il trattamento combinato con radiofrequenza e cifoplastica delle metastasi osteolitiche dolorose del corpo vertebrale A. Sandri • G. Carbognin • D. Regis • D. Gaspari • C. Calciolari • V. Girardi • G. Mansueto P. Bartolozzi Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Radiology, University of Verona, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P.zza L.A. Scuro, 37134 Verona, Italy Correspondence to: G. Carbognin, Universita of Verona, Verona, Italy, Tel.: +39-045-8124657, Fax: +39-045-8277808, e-mail: giovanni.carbognin@azosp.vr.it Received: 22 January 2009 / Accepted: 2 March 2009 / Published online: 7 August 2009 © Springer-Verlag 2009 osteolytic metastases in selected patients. The procedures are safe and provide pain relief with bone augmentation and improvement in quality of life.

Combined radiofrequency and kyphoplasty in painful osteolytic metastases to vertebral bodies Il trattamento combinato con radiofrequenza e cifoplastica delle metastasi osteolitiche dolorose del corpo vertebrale

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

P. Bartolozzi

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

Combined radiofrequency and kyphoplasty in painful osteolytic metastases to vertebral bodies Il trattamento combinato con radiofrequenza e cifoplastica delle metastasi osteolitiche dolorose del corpo vertebrale