The primary goal of this study is to examine the impact of sodium hydroxide (NaOH)/alkali-activated fly ash on the fresh properties and mechanical properties of self-compacting concrete (SCC). The fresh properties, known as the workability of SCC characteristics, were determined using the U-box, V-funnel, J-ring, and L-box tests. The M30 grade SCC containing superplasticizer of 0.86 wt. % of cement is replaced with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 40% of alkali-activated fly ash. On days 7, 14, and 28 after curing, the compressive strength and the splitting tensile strength of the SCC were examined. The study was further extended to evaluate the behavior of reinforced concrete beams containing fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag, whose size was 1200 × 100 × 150 mm3, under flexure loading. Based on the test results, it was found that the increase in the replacement of cement with alkali-activated fly ash increased the workability in the SCC. With the addition of superplasticizers, the SCC gained much more workability than conventional concrete containing no superplasticizer. The mechanical properties of 10% and 15% activated fly ash in Portland cement provided the maximum strength for the SCC at different ages of curing. The maximum first crack load and maximum ultimate flexure loading of the reinforced concrete beam containing 10% activated fly ash by weight of cement were greater than those of the control concrete beam. The microstructural scanning electron microscope observations confirmed that the alkali-activated fly ash increased the strength properties of the self-compacting concrete.

Strength characteristics of self-compacting concrete with alkali-activated fly ash

: Geopolymer concrete is an environment- friendly construction material. Recently, many new innovative researches are being carried out in the Construction field to rectify the problems related to Pollution. Geopolymer concrete is one of the efficient innovations in Civil industry. Several mixes were developed by varying the percentage of alkaline solution, percentage of fly ash, percentage of GGBS, addition of admixtures and other aspects. Another important fact is that an exothermic reaction happens while preparing the alkaline solution. So it should be handled with care. Though geopolymer concrete has more advantages, it also has some disadvantages which should be taken care of. This review paper consolidates the properties of geopolymer concrete. The fresh and mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete and the effects of fibres and other mineral admixtures have been discussed in this paper.

A Review on Geopolymer Concrete and Its Properties

In reinforced concrete (RC) constructions, the beam-column junctions are very sensitive to lateral and vertical loads. In the event of unforeseen earthquake and wind loads, this insufficient joint performance can lead to the failure of the entire structure. Cement industries emit a large amount of greenhouse gases during production, thus contributing to global warming. The nature of cement concrete is fragile. Cement output must be reduced in order to ensure environmental sustainability. Geopolymer concrete (GC), which is a green and low-carbon material, can be used in beam-column joints. M30 grade BBGC was developed and employed in the current study. Alkaline liquids are produced when sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide are mixed at room temperature. The alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio was fixed at 0.5, and the concentration of NaOH was fixed at 8 M. The mechanical properties of the Binary Blended Geopolymer concrete (BBGC), containing fly ash and GGBS, at proportions ranging from 0% to 100%, were investigated. This study was further expanded to examine the behavior of two groups of binary blended geopolymer concrete (BBGC) exterior beam-column joints, with cross sections of 230 mm × 120 mm and 170 mm × 120 mm. The column heights and lengths were both 600 mm under reverse cyclic loads in order to simulate earthquake conditions. The failure mechanism, ductility, energy absorption capacity, initial crack load, ultimate load carrying capacity, and structural performance was evaluated. The test findings showed that BBGC with 20% fly ash and 80% GGBS had the highest compressive strength and split tensile strength. When compared with other beam column joints, those containing 20% fly ash and 80% GGBS performed better under cyclic loading. The test findings imply that GGBS essentially enhances the joint performance of BBGC. The microstructural SEM and EDS studies revealed the reasons behind the improvement in strength of the GGBS fly ash-based Geopolymer concrete.

/pdf/influence-of-slag-based-geopolymer-concrete-on-the-seismic-1oxbmueh.pdf

Influence of Slag-Based Geopolymer Concrete on the Seismic Behavior of Exterior Beam Column Joints


 The construction industry has been looking a cost-effective way to build structures with unique and intricate designs, mass customization, and reduced labor costs, material consumption and environmental impact. One promising possibility is geopolymer 3D printing concrete(3DPC). The interlocking that takes place when materials are bound in an alkaline environment is known as geopolymerization. A potential utility for pozzolanic materials as GPC binding agents is their high silica and alumina content. The primary objective of this research is to determine the viability of quaternary blended 3D printing geo polymer concrete (GPC). As “quaternary” means “fourth in sequence (Since “quaternary” implies “fourth in sequence,),” the four binder components that make up Geopolymer Concrete are glass powder, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and fly ash. The paper describes mix design methodologies and emphasizes various aspects of mixture compositions and how they affect the features of 3DPC. The results represent that printability, extrudability were satisfied for the mix proportion of 1:1.3 with 40% Fly ash, 40% GGBS, 10% glass powder, 7% silica fume, 3% Viscosity modifying agent (VMA) including 1.5% of Auramix 200 and 2% of CAC hyper fluid plus. Further, buildability was attained by replacing 40% river sand with M sand. Mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength and split tensile strength are studied for the ideal mix. The obtained results for compressive strength, flexural strength, split tensile strength, are 91 MPa, 5.93 MPa, 4.5 MPa, respectively.

Sustainable Development of 3D-Printable Quaternary Geopolymer Concrete

In the recent past, the importance of geopolymer concrete as an eco-friendly product to replace portland cement concrete is continuously increasing over time. Yet less research effort has been invested in this area compared with some topical issues in civil engineering. Thus, the objective of this article is to analyse the mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete where the cement is replaced by fly ash and ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS). Sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide 8 molarity solution was used. The compressive strength of a cube in an 8 molarity solution was measured for various mixtures (i.e. G50F50 where G and F stand for GGBS and flyash, respectively while the numerical value denotes the cement percentage) and the cement contents (i.e. 0, 10, 20, 30, 40%). The cube specimens are 100mmx100mmx100mm with the ambient curing at 35- 400C. In total, 9 cubes, 3 beams and 3 cylinders are cast at 7days, 14days and 28days while the compressive strengths of different mixes and cubes are calculated. For 28days, beams and cylinders are measured for flexural and tensile strength. The compressive strength at 7,14 and 28 days nearly doubled the target strength by using geopolymer concrete instead of normal concrete. Compressive strength is about 10% higher at 7 and 14days and 20% higher at 28days after replacing 40% of the cement. Flexural strength increased by 50% when 40% of the cement was replaced but split tensile strength only increased by 1%.

/pdf/mechanical-properties-of-geopolymer-concrete-with-varying-24dfi4rv.pdf

Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete with varying cement content using flyash and ground granulated blast furnace slag

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Mechanical properties of geopolymer concrete with varying cement content using flyash and ground granulated blast furnace slag