Chemical characterization of particulate emissions from diesel engines: A review

The ChemCam instrument suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover Curiosity provides remote compositional information using the first laser-induced breakdown spectrometer (LIBS) on a planetary mission, and provides sample texture and morphology data using a remote micro-imager (RMI). Overall, ChemCam supports MSL with five capabilities: remote classification of rock and soil characteristics; quantitative elemental compositions including light elements like hydrogen and some elements to which LIBS is uniquely sensitive (e.g., Li, Be, Rb, Sr, Ba); remote removal of surface dust and depth profiling through surface coatings; context imaging; and passive spectroscopy over the 240–905 nm range. ChemCam is built in two sections: The mast unit, consisting of a laser, telescope, RMI, and associated electronics, resides on the rover’s mast, and is described in a companion paper. ChemCam’s body unit, which is mounted in the body of the rover, comprises an optical demultiplexer, three spectrometers, detectors, their coolers, and associated electronics and data handling logic. Additional instrument components include a 6 m optical fiber which transfers the LIBS light from the telescope to the body unit, and a set of onboard calibration targets. ChemCam was integrated and tested at Los Alamos National Laboratory where it also underwent LIBS calibration with 69 geological standards prior to integration with the rover. Post-integration testing used coordinated mast and instrument commands, including LIBS line scans on rock targets during system-level thermal-vacuum tests. In this paper we describe the body unit, optical fiber, and calibration targets, and the assembly, testing, and verification of the instrument prior to launch.

/pdf/the-chemcam-instrument-suite-on-the-mars-science-laboratory-33p5aeyrhe.pdf

The ChemCam Instrument Suite on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

The “super stars” of analytical atomic spectrometry are electrothermal atomization-atomic absorption spectrometry (ETA-AAS), inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Many other atomic spectrometric methods have been used to determine levels of elements present in solid, liquid and gaseous samples, but in most cases these other methods are inferior to the big three super star methods. The other atomic methods include glow discharge emission, absorption and mass spectrometric methods, laser excited fluorescence emission and ionization methods, and flame and microwave plasma emission and mass spectrometric methods. These “lesser” methods will be compared to the “super star” methods based on a number of figures of merit, including detection power, selectivity, multi-element capability, cost, applications, and “age” of the methods. The “age” of the method will be determined by a modification of the well-known Laitinen “Seven Ages of an Analytical Method”
				(H.A. Laitinen, Anal. Chem., 1973, 45, 2305). Calculations will show that certain methods are capable of single atom detection, including several atomic absorption methods, as well as laser atomic ionization and fluorescence methods. The comparison of methods will indicate why the “super stars” of atomic spectrometric methods will continue to retain their status and what must be done for the lesser atomic methods to approach “super star” status. Certainly most of the lesser atomic spectrometric methods will have a limited place in the analytical arena. Because of the wide current interest and research activity, special emphasis will be placed on the technique of laser induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). Its current status and future developments will therefore be reviewed.

Comparing several atomic spectrometric methods to the super stars: special emphasis on laser induced breakdown spectrometry, LIBS, a future super star

Quantitative micro-analysis by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a review of the experimental approaches☆

A procedure for correcting self-absorption in calibration free-laser induced breakdown spectroscopy

The European Union is creating strict standards for air and water pollution and waste treatment and implementing aggressive regulations. Compliance with these regulations is impossible without the development of new depollution processes involving plasma or laser technology. Time is one of the major problems in monitoring pollutants with the use of the time-resolution laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique, which can perform online analysis without sampling with a high level sensitivity for all the species of the Periodic Table. Plasma-enhanced desorption from fly ashes or polluted soils associated with a mass spectrometer or an optical emission spectrometer allows the monitoring of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and organochlorine species in a few seconds. In the last DBD point, we present the treatment of VOCs in air by the plasma technique in order to destroy or trap PAH molecules.

Pollution control and depollution processes by plasma techniques

Analysis of Polluted Surfaces by Time Resolved Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy

Time resolved laser induced breakdown spectroscopy for fluorine, chlorine and sulfur detection using an optical fiber probe

https://dl.begellhouse.com/download/article/67808656742e1305/HTM 1004 (583-590).pdf

Libs analysis of photovoltaic material including wafer and raw material

Detection limits for the main heteroatoms in pollutants and chemical agents have been determined in atmospheric conditions with the use of the time-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (TRELIBS) method. This method presents many advantages for detection in hazardous or corrosive gas mixtures where sampling systems are not usable. Moreover, low concentrations of fluorine, chlorine, sulfur, and carbon can be measured with short analysis times. Currently, concentration limits are close to 10-50 ppm (w/w) for F, Cl, and C atoms, while presently only 1500 ppm (w/w) limits are reached for S. These measurements are obtained with an analysis time of under 20 s.

Time-Resolved Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy: Application for Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Fluorine, Chlorine, Sulfur, and Carbon in Air

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