The use of cashew fruits as a glucidic resource by wasps was quantified in an orchard to evaluate temporal overlap for a species-rich guild of social wasps and to determine if temporal partitioning within this guild reduces competition for food resources and facilitates species coexistence. Wasp activity was measured from 06:00 AM to 06:00 PM in a cashew orchard in Northeastern Brazil. A null model approach was used to evaluate temporal overlap for the entire guild of social wasps. Social wasp foraging time was bimodal and concentrated from 09:00 to 12:00 h and from 14:00 to 16:00 h. Overlap of temporal activity distributions between pairs of wasp species ranged from 0.58 to 0.83 (index of Schoener). Through analyses of temporal overlap for the entire guild, niche overlap among all species was greater than expected by chance. Social wasps show relatively high overlap in temporal activity patterns for all pairs of species (always over 50 percent) and in the analysis of the entire guild, average niche overlap among all pairs of species was greater than expected by the null model (n = 10,000 simulations). This indicated that interspecific interactions did not structure this wasp guild, and that responses to daily fluctuations in abiotic variables (e.g. temperature, humidity) likely structure activity patterns of these social wasps.

https://hydrodictyon.eeb.uconn.edu/people/willig/student_pages/Presley%20PDFs/Santos_Presley_2010.pdf

Niche overlap and temporal activity patterns of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in a Brazilian cashew orchard.

This research was done in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil on february 2012, with objective was to determine which species of social wasps visiting mango fruits, their behaviors displayed  by them while foraging and verify which the species of wasps visitors offer risk of accidents to farmers. The studied area was monitored during February 2012, from 8:00 to 17:00. in a 144 hour effort, and the data collected included the time of activity, diversity, aggressiveness and the general behavior of social wasps around the fruits. There were registered a total of 175 individuals of 12 different species, healthy fruits were damaged during the day, and we registered the abundance and richness peaks throughout the day. This study indicated the needs for special care during the harvest, as aggressive wasps are indeed present and the abundant, resulting in a possible increase of the risk for the workers.

/pdf/temporal-activity-patterns-and-foraging-behavior-by-social-2s6eyuxx7w.pdf

Temporal Activity Patterns and Foraging Behavior by Social Wasps (Hymenoptera, Polistinae) on Fruits of Mangifera indica L. (Anacardiaceae)

A familia Cactaceae possui relevância cultural e economica para os agricultores do semiarido do Brasil. Varias especies sao utilizadas para
diversos fins, principalmente o uso como forragem em periodos de estiagem. O presente estudo objetivou registrar o conhecimento que agricultores de uma comunidade rural no semiarido da Paraiba possuem sobre o uso de cactaceas. Entrevistas semiestruturadas foram realizadas com 99 informantes. Os cactos citados foram organizados em categorias de uso. Registraram-se onze especies, com total de 1.122 citacoes, distribuidas em 11 categorias de uso. A especie mais citada foi Cereus jamacaru DC. subsp. jamacaru e a categoria de uso foi a forragem. Este trabalho evidenciou o valor cultural das especies de cactaceas para os agricultores. No entanto, especies importantes como C. jamacaru subsp. jamacaru nao estao sendo utilizadas de forma sustentavel, o que pode provocar sua extincao local. Algumas recomendacoes sao discutidas para sua protecao.

Conhecimento Botânico Tradicional sobre Cactáceas no Semiárido do Brasil

Polistine wasps are important in Neotropical ecosystems due to their ubiquity and diversity. Inventories have not adequately considered spatial attributes of collected specimens. Spatial data on biodiversity are important for study and mitigation of anthropogenic impacts over natural ecosystems and for protecting species. We described and analyzed local-scale spatial patterns of collecting records of wasp species, as well as spatial variation of diversity descriptors in a 2500-hectare area of an Amazon forest in Brazil. Rare species comprised the largest fraction of the fauna. Close range spatial effects were detected for most of the more common species, with clustering of presence-data at short distances. Larger spatial lag effects could also be identified in some species, constituting probably cases of exogenous autocorrelation and candidates for explanations based on environmental factors. In a few cases, significant or near significant correlations were found between five species (of Agelaia, Angiopolybia, and Mischocyttarus) and three studied environmental variables: distance to nearest stream, terrain altitude, and the type of forest canopy. However, association between these factors and biodiversity variables were generally low. When used as predictors of polistine richness in a linear multiple regression, only the coefficient for the forest canopy variable resulted significant. Some level of prediction of wasp diversity variables can be attained based on environmental variables, especially vegetation structure. Large-scale landscape and regional studies should be scheduled to address this issue.

http://www.scielo.br/pdf/rbent/v56n3/aop5412.pdf

Local-scale spatial variation in diversity of social wasps in an Amazonian rain forest in Caxiuanã, Pará, Brazil (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae)

The Atlantic Forest is one of the most threatened ecosystems in Brazil, with only 22% of its original coverage remaining. Despite around 900 species of Polistinae being described worldwide and their being widely distributed in the Neotropical region, they are still poorly known in northeastern Brazil, especially in Atlantic Forest. The aim of this work was a survey of social wasps in three fragments of Atlantic Forest with differences in the level of regeneration and in the physiognomy, performed at Michelin Ecological Reserve (located in Igrapiuna, southern Bahia State, Brazil) and employing three methodologies – attractive solution, Malaise trap and light trap ‘Luiz de Queiroz’ – for 12 months in transects. A total of 1066 specimens, belonging to 29 species from nine genera, were collected in the reserve. Epiponini was the richest tribe (23 species) followed by Mischocyttarini (five species) and Polistini (one species). The Malaise trap was not efficient during the night, having a deficit of 511...

The social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae: Polistinae) of a fragment of Atlantic Forest in southern Bahia, Brazil

This study aims to identify food resource plants used by social wasp species in a Caatinga area, as well as describe the local patterns of cactus fruit resources used by wasps. Nine hundreds and eight foraging wasps, belonging to nine species, were captured while visiting six cactus species. Cereus jamacaru DC. and Pilosocereus catingicola (Gurke) Byles & G.D. were the most frequently visited plants. Several wasp species and a great number of individuals visited them. Polybia paulista von Ihering, 1896, Polybia ignobilis (Haliday, 1836), Polistes versicolor (Olivier, 1791), Polistes simillimus Zikan, 1951, Polistes billardieri Fabricius, 1804, Polistes canadensis (Linnaeus, 1758), Polybia occidentalis (Olivier, 1791) and Polybia sericea (Olivier, 1705) had the larger trophic niche breadth. The highest trophic niche overlap was between Mischocyttarus lanei Zikan, 1949 and Polistes simillimus Zikan, 1951 (0.83). The high niche overlap among social wasps seems to be resulting of the generalist behavior of the social wasp, as well as of the intensive exploration of few cactus species.

/pdf/the-use-of-cactus-fruit-food-resources-by-social-wasp-3pc6f08ilm.pdf

The use of cactus fruit food resources by social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in an area of Caatinga (lpirá, Bahia, Brazil)

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The use of cactus fruit food resources by social wasp (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Polistinae) in an area of Caatinga (lpirá, Bahia, Brazil)