Neuroanatomical Localization, Pharmacological Characterization and Functions of CGRP, Related Peptides and Their Receptors

I. Introduction THE calcitonin (CT) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) are derived from the CT/CGRP gene, which is localized in chromosome 11. Alternative splicing of the primary RNA transcript leads to the translation of CGRP and CT peptides in a tissue-specific manner. This alternative tissue-specific processing of primary mRNA from the α-CT/CGRP gene in rats generates two distinct peptides, CT and CGRP (1, 2). CGRP is a 37-amino acid neuropeptide expressed predominantly in the nervous system and CT is expressed mainly in the thyroid gland. CGRP receptors, widely distributed in the body, are the most potent endogenous vasodilatory peptides that have been discovered. Derived from the C cells of the thyroid gland, CT is the most potent peptide inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and is involved primarily in protecting the skeleton during periods of “calcium stress” such as growth, pregnancy, and lactation (3). In 1961, Copp and colleagues (4) postulated the existence of the calcium-lo...

Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide and Its Receptors: Molecular Genetics, Physiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Potentials

Calcitonin gene-related peptide: Multiple actions, multiple receptors

Compounds having Formula (I) are useful for treating inflammation. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions comprising compouns of Formula (I), and methods of inhibiting/treating inflammatory diseases in a mammal.

Cell adhesion-inhibiting antiinflammatory compounds

Development of fatty acid analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography, and related techniques

Electrochemical detector for high-performance liquid chromatography. II. Determination of tocopherols, ubiquinones and phylloquinone in blood.

A high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure with an electrochemical detector (ECD) has been developed for the analysis of fatty acids, bile acids and prostaglandins. These carboxylic acids were converted to p-hydroxyanilides by reaction with p-aminophenol in the presence of 2-bromo-1-methylpyridinium iodide and triethylamine. The anilides were oxidized in a two-electron process and analyzed by reversed-phase HPLC-ECD. The detection limits were 0.5, 2 and 2ng for stearic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and prostaglandin F2a, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of free fatty acids in guinea pig plasma and bile acids in human bile.

Electrochemical Detector for High Performance Liquid Chromatography. IV Analysis of Fatty Acids, Bile Acids and Prostaglandins by Derivatization to an electrochemically Active Form

[Fluorometric determination of phylloquinone and menaquinone-4 in biological materials using high performance liquid chromatogrphy (author's transl)].

A simple, sensitive, and specific method for the determination of phylloquinone (PK) and menaquinone-4 (MK-4) in rat plasma was developed. PK and MK-4 extracted from biological materials were separated by high performance liquid chromatography using a Nucleosil[○!R] C18 column with acetonitrile-isopropyl alcohol as a mobile phase, monitored with a fluorescence detector (ex=330nm, em=430nm) after on-line electrochemical derivatization to fluorescent naphthohydroquinones in an electrochemical reactor. This method was successfully applied to the determination of very small quantities of PK and MK-4 in rat plasma.

Determination of vitamin K analogues by high performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical derivatization.

The biphenylmethane derivative having the formula (I) is useful to prevent and treat hypertension and cardiac failure. ##STR1## in which R1 is hydrogen, an alkyl, a cycloalkyl, a halogenated alkyl, --S--R7, --SO2--R7, --C.tbd.C--R7 or --(CH2)p--OR7, R7 being hydrogen, an alkyl, a cycloalkyl or a halogenated alkyl, p being zero or 1, --A1=A2--A3=A4-- is --CH=CH--CH=CH--, --N=CH--CH=CH--, --CH=N--CH=CH--, --CH=CH--N=CH--, --CH=CH--CH=N-- or --CH=N--CH=N--, R2 and R3 are each hydrogen, a halogen, a lower alkyl, a lower alkoxy, a carbamoyl or cyano, R4 is hydrogen or a lower alkyl, R5 is 1H-tetrazol-5-yl, carboxyl (--COOH) or a carboxylic ester and R6 is hydrogen, a halogen, hydroxyl or a lower alkoxy, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.

Biphenylmethane derivative and pharmacological use

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