Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering (RIXS)
 is an X-ray in, X-ray out technique that enables one to study the 
dispersion of excitations in solids. In this thesis, we investigated how
 various elementary excitations of transition metal oxides show up in 
RIXS spectra.

/pdf/resonant-inelastic-x-ray-scattering-studies-of-elementary-569xv6e0rz.pdf

Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering Studies of Elementary Excitations

Oxygen vacancies in transition metal and rare earth oxides: Current state of understanding and remaining challenges

Using the self-consistent orthogonalized linear-combination-of-atomic-orbitals method in the local-density approximation, the electronic structure and the optical properties of three phases of titanium dioxide have been studied. For rutile, the calculated band structure, equilibrium lattice constant, and bulk modulus are in good agreement with other recent calculations and with experimental data. The results on the ground-state properties of anatase and brookite are reported. Compared with the rutile phase, anatase has similar ground-state properties except for a larger band gap, whereas brookite has relatively smaller bulk modulus. The optical properties of these three phases are also calculated using the band-structure results and compared with the available measurements. For the rutile phase, the anisotropic properties of the dielectric function are in good agreement with the reflectance spectroscopy. For the anatase phase, there are very limited experimental optical data for comparison. For the brookite phase, no experimental data are available. Our calculations show subtle differences in the optical properties of these three phases.

Electronic and optical properties of three phases of titanium dioxide: Rutile, anatase, and brookite

K -edge absorption spectra of selected vanadium compounds

Cerium oxide nanoparticles have the unique power to act as both oxidation and reduction catalysts, thanks to the ability of cerium to rapidly switch between two oxidation states. Can Xu and Xiaogang Qu from the Chinese Academy of Sciences review how this dual catalytic activity yields enzyme-like behavior that can be harnessed for cancer-detecting assays and new biomedical applications. The nanoparticles mimic enzyme species, such as superoxide dismutases and catalases, that repair the damage caused by free radicals and reduce harmful reactive oxygen levels in the body. With tiny dimensions that allow them to enter cellular spaces inaccessible to traditional medicines - including crossing the blood-brain barrier for Alzheimer's disease treatments - these nanomaterials may offer potent remedies against degenerative diseases. Xu and Qu stress the need for systematic biological testing, however, to resolve possible toxicity concerns.

/pdf/cerium-oxide-nanoparticle-a-remarkably-versatile-rare-earth-473sn0t8vw.pdf

Cerium oxide nanoparticle: a remarkably versatile rare earth nanomaterial for biological applications

The 4f electronic state and the decay process of the photoexcited 4${\mathit{d}}^{9}$4${\mathit{f}}^{\mathit{n}+1}$ states in ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ are investigated by means of a resonant photoemission technique in the Ce 4d\ensuremath{\rightarrow}4f photoabsorption region. Resonant enhancement of the valence-band emission is clearly observed in the giant-absorption region. This confirms the existence of the 4f electron in the ground state of ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$. The 4f-derived emission exhibits a single-peak distribution rather than a double-peak structure such as observed in other Ce compounds. The Ce 5p emission band, which spreads over about 10 eV and consists of at least three or more fine structures, also shows the resonant enhancement in the giant-absorption region. In the prethreshold region, the Ce 5p fine structures as well as the 4f emission band show enhancements, but these constant-initial-state spectra are different from each other. The obtained results are discussed in terms of the mixed valence in the ground state of ${\mathrm{CeO}}_{2}$ and of possible intermediate configurations in the resonant photoemission process.

Resonant photoemission study of CeO 2

Photoemission study of benzene adsorbed on si surfaces

The hole-induced shakedown process is observed in the x-ray M/sub 4,5/ fluorescent emission spectrum of lanthanum. Comparison of the M/sub 4,5/ fluorescent emission spectrum of lanthanum (the 4f level is empty in the ground state) with the electron-excited spectra shows that x-ray emission, which is caused by transitions from occupied 4f states to empty 3d states, appears even in the fluorescent spectrum of lanthanum. This result indicates that the shakedown transition from the conduction-band states to the empty 4f level occurs in the presence of a 3d core hole. Also, a satellite was observed on the low-energy side of the M/sub 5/O/sub 3/ diagram line and attributed to the transition 3d/sup -//sup 1//sub 5//sub ///sub 2/4f/sup 1/..-->..5p/sup -//sup 1//sub 3//sub ///sub 2/4f/sup 1/. This gives further evidence of the hole-induced shakedown transition.

Hole-induced shakedown process in the M 4 , 5 fluorescent emission spectrum of lanthanum

Nonradiative decay processes of 4d hole states in CsF, BaF2, and LaF3.

The nonradiative decay of excited 4d states in CsCl and CsBr was investigated by photoelectron spectroscopy with use of synchrotron radiation. It was observed that the intensities of the Auger-electron peak and Cs 5p photoelectron peak are resonantly enhanced around the Cs 4d excitation energy, while the valence-band intensity is not clearly enhanced. The enhancements are interpreted in terms of two decay processes, the direct recombination and the Auger decay processes, of excited 4d states. It is shown that excited 4d states in CsCl and CsBr decay dominantly through the N 4,5 -O 2,3 O 2,3 Auger process

Photoelectron spectroscopic study of the decay process of excited 4d states in cesium halides.

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