Bacterial endophthalmitis prophylaxis for cataract surgery: an evidence-based update

Literature that describes the prevalence of inherited red-green color deficiency in different populations is reviewed. Large random population surveys show that the prevalence of deficiency in European Caucasians is about 8% in men and about 0.4% in women and between 4% and 6.5% in men of Chinese and Japanese ethnicity. However, the male: female prevalence ratio is markedly different in Europeans and Asians. Recent surveys suggest that the prevalence is rising in men of African ethnicity and in geographic areas that have been settled by incoming migrants. It is proposed that founder events and genetic drift, rather than natural selection, are the cause of these differences.

Worldwide prevalence of red-green color deficiency

The treatment of ocular pterygium has been subjected to the development and application of various new strategies in the last few years. The worrisome problem of recurrence seems to have been significantly reduced with the newer methods of treatment. The field is however, still evolving. This review sets out to examine the various newer approaches to treating pterygium and in spite of the recent developments, to highlight the remaining challenges thereby suggesting the possible direction of future research. Also, to suggest treatment options for Ophthalmologists working in environments with limited resources. A library search and Internet search of PubMed and Google was conducted in 2010. Search terms included "pterygium in combination with surgery", "radiotherapy", "chemotherapy", "graft", and "recurrence." Abstracts were reviewed and relevant articles especially those published from the year 2000 to date were given more attention and when possible, reviewed in full. The relevant references in such articles were also reviewed. In conclusion, excision and adjunctive treatment with mitomycin C or conjunctival autograft is the most acceptable and most popular mode of treating both primary and recurrent pterygium. Outcomes seem to have been further improved with adjuvant combination therapy and the introduction of newer approaches to treatment.

/pdf/treatment-of-pterygium-4m5hmva3b7.pdf

Treatment of pterygium.

In 1927, Arthur C. Alport first published his description of a triad of symptoms in a family with hereditary congenital haemorrhagic nephritis, deafness and ocular changes. A few years after his death, this group of symptoms was renamed Alport syndrome. To this day, Alport syndrome still inevitably leads to end-stage renal disease and the need for renal replacement therapy, starting in young adulthood. During the past two decades, research into this rare disease has focused on the effects of mutations in collagen type IV and the role of changes in podocytes and the glomerular basement membrane that lead to early kidney fibrosis. Animal models of Alport syndrome also demonstrate the pathogenetic importance of interactions between podocytes and the extracellular matrix. Such models might also help researchers to answer basic questions about podocyte function and the development of fibrosis, and to develop new therapeutic approaches that might be of use in other kidney diseases. In this Review, we discuss the latest basic and clinical research on Alport syndrome, focusing on the roles of podocyte pathology and the extracellular matrix. We also highlight early diagnosis and treatment options for young patients with this disorder.

Alport syndrome—insights from basic and clinical research

Pterygium is a disease of the ocular surface that is associated with chronic UV exposure and is characterized by proliferation, inflammatory infiltrates, fibrosis, angiogenesis and extracellular matrix breakdown. Although pterygium is not fully understood, significant progress has been made toward understanding the mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an update on the signaling pathways activated by UV light that result in induction of mediators responsible for the growth of pterygium. We also review the recent genetic studies on hereditary factors and provide a brief overview of the role of epithelial mesenchymal transition, bone marrow progenitor cells, and neuronal signals that may also contribute to the pathogenesis of pterygium. Therapeutic options for pterygium are discussed based on the mechanisms that perpetuate its growth.

The pathogenesis of pterygium: current concepts and their therapeutic implications.

This is a collaborative case–control study from Ophthalmology and Cardiology departments of a tertiary care hospital, designed to explore the relationship between coronary artery disease (CAD) and pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX). In all, 50 patients with CAD proven by coronary angiography, and 50 controls with normal coronary angiographic findings were compared in terms of PEX, other vascular diseases, and retinal vascular findings. χ2-test and Student's t-test were used for statistical analysis. The number of patients with PEX among CAD (+) patients was substantially larger than controls. In all, 28 of 50 CAD (+) patients and only 12 of 50 CAD (−) patients had PEX. PEX was significantly associated with CAD (P=0.001). When all patients were regrouped according to the presence of PEX, patients with PEX did not differ from patients without PEX in terms of age (P=0.360) and sex (P=0.507), but the prevalence of CAD was higher (P=0.001) and fundoscopic findings of vascular diseases were significantly more prominent (P=0.0001) in PEX (+) patients. We demonstrated statistically significant difference in the prevalence of PEX in CAD patients, and also in the prevalence of CAD in PEX (+) individuals. These were striking differences. We should consider the possibility of the presence of PEX in CAD patients; and the predisposition of PEX (+) persons for CAD, which necessitates a fundus examination for findings of systemic vascular diseases.

/pdf/a-possible-link-between-the-pseudoexfoliation-syndrome-and-17oyxcy2fq.pdf

A possible link between the pseudoexfoliation syndrome and coronary artery disease

Purpose:To compare clinical and histopathologic outcomes of tissue glue and vicryl suture to attach limbal conjunctival autografts in pterygium surgery.Methods:Twenty-four eyes of 24 patients were included in this study. All eyes had primary pterygia and were treated with limbal conjunctival autogra

A comparative study of tissue glue and vicryl suture for closing limbal-conjunctival autografts and histologic evaluation after pterygium excision.

Purpose To investigate the demographic characteristics and ocular features of patients with childhood-onset Behcet disease. Patients and methods Patients for this retrospective study were selected using the data obtained from medical records of 34 patients with childhood-onset Behcet disease being followed up in the Uveitis Department of Ankara Ulucanlar Eye Education and Research Hospital between January 2003 and May 2008. Results Of 34 patients, 24 were boys (70.5%) and 10 were girls (29.4%). The average age of patients was 14.5 ± 1.9 years (range, 10-16 years). Mean follow-up period was 4.5 ± 2 years (range, 2-10 years). During the follow-up, panuveitis, posterior uveitis, and anterior uveitis were diagnosed in 18 (52.9%), 11 (32.3%), and 5 (14.7%) patients, respectively. Ocular findings included cataract in 20 patients (58.8%), posterior synechiae in 8 (23.5%), posterior capsular opacification secondary to cataract surgery in 8 (23.5%), vitreous condensation due to previous episodes of vitritis in 17 (50%), optic atrophy in 10 (29.4%), cystoid macular edema in 5 patients (14.7%), narrowed and occluded retinal vessels due to retinal periphlebitis and branched retinal vein occlusion in 2 (5.8%), neovascularization of the disk in 1 (2.9%), and phthisis bulbi in 1 patient (2.9%). Conclusions Based on the results that were obtained in this series, panuveitis was the most common type of uveitis in cases with childhood-onset Behcet disease. Cataract was the most common anterior segment complication. Optic atrophy was the most common posterior segment complication. Male predominance was determined in this study.

Ocular findings in childhood-onset Behçet disease

To compare the outcomes of use of intraoperative 0.02% mitomycin-C (MMC) and limbal-conjunctival autograft (LCAG) for treatment of primary pterygia. One hundred and twelve eyes of eighty patients with primary pterygia were randomly treated either by intraoperative 0.02% MMC for 5 min or LCAG. Recurrence (defined as fibrovascular tissue invading the cornea >1.5 mm) and complications were evaluated. Fifty-two eyes were included in the MMC group and sixty in the LCAG group. Recurrence occurred in three eyes (5.76%) in the MMC group and in two eyes (3.33%) in the LCAG group. This difference between recurrence in the two groups was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Incidence of complications such as conjunctival cysts, symblephara, conjunctival hyperemia, and subconjunctival hemorrhage was similar in both groups (P > 0.05) whereas corneal epithelial defects (CED), irritation, lacrimation, and photophobia were more common in the MMC group (P < 0.05). Simple excision then intraoperative use of 0.02% (MMC) for 5 min or LCAG are similarly successful in the treatment of primary pterygia. Some complications, for example irritation, lacrimation, photophobia, and CED are more common when simple excision is followed by MMC.

Comparison of limbal-conjunctival autograft and intraoperative 0.02% mitomycin-C for treatment of primary pterygium

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and complications of releasable suture trabeculectomy and standard trabeculectomy. Patients and Methods: Sixty-four patients with uncontrolled glaucoma despite maximally tolerated medical therapy were included in a prospective, comparative, randomized clinical study. Standard trabeculectomy was performed on the 32 patients (Group 1) by one ophthalmologist and releasable suture trabeculectomy was also performed on the 32 patients (Group 2) by another ophthalmologist. Intraocular pressure, hypotony, shallow anterior chamber, iridocorneal touch and other complications were evaluated postoperatively. Examinations were performed daily for 1 week, for the 1st month and thereafter for every 3 months. Results: The mean follow-up period was 11.0 ± 2.4 months in Group 1 and 11.5 ± 3.8 months in Group 2. On the first postoperative day mean intraocular pressure was determined 9 ± 2.7 mmHg in Group 1, and 21.6 ± 1.1 mmHg in Group 2 (p = 0.007). The mean intraocular pressure was 10.1 ± 1.4 mmHg in Group 2 after suture removal. Shallow anterior chamber was observed in 11 (34.3%) patients of Group 1 and 2 (6.2%) patients of the Group 2 in the early postoperative period (p = 0.005). Iridocorneal touch was observed in 5 (15.6%) patients of Group 1 and 1 (3.1%) patient of Group 2 (p = 0.196). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean intraocular pressure between the two groups at 3, 6 and 12 months (p = 0.663, p = 0.362, p = 0.182, respectively). Discussion: Releasable scleral flap sutures reduce the incidence of shallow anterior chamber and iridocorneal touch after trabeculectomy. Releasable scleral flap suture technique and standard trabeculectomy are similar in terms of lowering intraocular pressure at 1-year-follow up.

Efficacy and complications of releasable suture trabeculectomy and standard trabeculectomy.

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Orhan Zilelioglu

Author Tools

Chat about Author