0.17–2% of mature cystic teratoma of the ovary (MCTO) undergo malignant transformation, of which 80% are squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) transformation in MCTO. We aim to investigate the clinical characteristics and treatment of SCC transformation in MCTO We systematically searched PubMed database and individual patient data about SCC transformation in MCTO were extracted. The published cases were combined with 6 cases of SCC transformation in MCTO from Qilu Hospital, Shandong University. The incidence of SCC transformation in MCTO was 0.3%. A total of 435 cases of SCC transformation in MCTO were enrolled in the analysis. The mean age of diagnosis was 53.5 (range 19–87) years old. The most common clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (47.3%) and abdominal mass (26.0%). StageI,II, III and IV accounted for 50.0, 18.8, 26.8 and 4.4% of all cases, respectively. Patients with stage I had significantly better prognosis than stage II, III and IV patients (P < 0.01). Hysterectomy can improve overall survival (P < 0.01). For patients younger than 45 years old with stageIA orIC, there was no difference in mortality between fertility-sparing and radical surgery (P = 1.00). Adjuvant chemotherapy can improve survival in patients with advanced stage (P = 0.02), and chemotherapy with platinum was related to better prognosis (P = 0.02). SCC transformation in MCTO is a rare malignancy mainly occurs in older age. FIGO stage is an independent prognostic factor. Hysterectomy and platinum-based chemotherapy are associated with better survival. Fertility-sparing surgery is feasible for young patients with early stage.

/pdf/squamous-cell-carcinoma-transformation-in-mature-cystic-513v5mngne.pdf

Squamous cell carcinoma transformation in mature cystic teratoma of the ovary: a systematic review

Adenocarcinoma of the colon in children: case series and mini-review of the literature.

Introduction breast cancer is the most common malignancy in females worldwide and a major cause of cancer-related deaths in both developing and developed countries. The objective of this study was to determine the socio-demographics, pattern of presentation and management outcome of breast cancer patients. Methods clinical records of confirmed breast cancer patients between January 2011 and December 2015 at the Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria were reviewed. Results eighty two breast cancer patients were seen. Their ages ranged from 26-95 years (mean 48.9 ± 14.9 years, median 47.5 years). Eighty one (98.8%) were females and the majority (65.4%) were premenopausal. The peak age of incidence was in the 4th decade. All patients presented with breast lump with mean duration of 9.49±6.1 months and size ranging from 2 to 16cm (mean 7.9±3.4 cm). Ten (12.2%) patients presented early, 61 (74.4%) were locally advanced while 11 (13.4%) had distant metastases. Fifty one (62.2%) patients had mastectomy. Only 38 (46.3%) patients completed six courses of chemotherapy. None had immunohistochemistry but they all routinely took tamoxifen. Only 4 (4.9%) had radiotherapy. Nineteen (23.2%) died within a year of presentation. The follow-up period ranged between 1 and 44 months (mean, 10.3 months). Thirty one (37.8%), 19 (23.2%) and 8 (9.8%) patients were seen during the first, second and third year of follow up respectively. Conclusion breast cancer mostly affects young premenopausal women presenting in advanced stage in our setting. The generally poor outcome is not unconnected with late presentation and inadequate diagnostic and treatment facilities.

Socio-demographic, pattern of presentation and management outcome of breast cancer in a semi-urban tertiary health institution

BACKGROUND: Preventable deaths resulting from the scourge of breast cancer has become alarming and worrisome in many societies in developing countries, including Nigeria. Of much concern is the fact that breast cancer has continued to claim the precious lives of young, middle-aged, old, educated and non-educated women irrespective of their religion, socio-economic background and socio-demographic characteristics.
AIM: This study attempts to ascertain the knowledge and attitudes of women to breast cancer in Ogun State, Nigeria.
METHODS: The study adopts both primary and secondary data sources to examine the level of knowledge and attitude of women towards breast cancer with the view of suggesting probable solutions and recommendations for policy.
RESULTS: The result indicates that the awareness about breast cancer is overwhelming but only few women know about mammography; women in older age are 0.193 times less likely to attend breast cancer screening (p=0.000). Older women with secondary education that are either self-employed outside the home or full-time housewives are unfavourably disposed to breast cancer screening.
CONCLUSION: The authors recommend that concerned stakeholders in the health sector and policy decision makers should intensify action on cancer programmes and campaigns that could target older women especially housewives and women in middle level education.

/pdf/knowledge-and-attitudes-about-breast-cancer-among-women-a-57lh2jhahq.pdf

Knowledge and Attitudes about Breast Cancer among Women: A Wake-Up Call in Nigeria

PURPOSEThe global burden of colorectal cancer (CRC) will continue to increase for the foreseeable future, largely driven by increasing incidence and mortality in low- and middle-income countries (L...

https://ascopubs.org/doi/pdfdirect/10.1200/JGO.19.00035

Is Colorectal Cancer Screening Appropriate in Nigeria

Most of the common cancer cases registered at Cancer, a non communicable disease of mankind our center are controllable and their burden could be has become a major public health issue. Yet reliable data minimized. Therefore, there is need for country-wide on cancer incidence in Nigeria is lacking due to dearth of cancer screening policy and immunization population based cancer registries in the counties. The programmes for early detection and prevention, for an essence of this presentation is to illustrate the burden of effective control of cancer in Nigeria. cancer in terms of its occurrence, pattern and establish the base line data on cancer at our centre. Data presented were new cancer cases diagnosed clinically, radiologically, histologically or by cytology and registered at Ilorin cancer registry from 1999-2003. Collection of data was by active reporting, while the sources of information included the wards, clinics, laboratories, radiology department and autopsy records. Coding of primary sites of cancer was according to International classification of disease for oncology 10th edition (ICD 10th) of World Health Organization. Over a period of 5 years, 1999-2003 a total of 1187 new cancer cases were registered comprising of 456 (38.42%) males and 731 (61.58%) females. Male to Female ratio was 1:1.6. The top five common cancers at our centre were breast cancer, 266(22.41%); cervical cancer, 156 (13.14%); hepatocellular carcinoma, 152 (12.81); malignant lymphoma 56(4.72%) and prostate carcinoma 51 (4.30%), all constituting more than fifty percent (57.37%) of the three total new cancer cases registered. Cancers of the liver, 97 (21.27%); prostate, 51 (15.85%) and colorectal, 26 (9.18%) were the commonest in males while in females, the leading malignancies were breast, 262 (35.84% of cancer cases in women); cervix, 156 (21.34%) and hepatocellular carcinoma, 55(18.44%). Cancer of the lung is rare in both sexes. Children accounted for 6.23% of all the cases and are dominated by malignant lymphoma. Keywords : Cancer, Cancer registry, population-based cancer registry The Tropical Journal of Health Sciences Vol 19 No 1 (January 2012)

Cancer Patterns In Ilorin: An Analysis Of Ilorin Cancer Registry Statistics

Background: Colorectal carcinoma is thought to be rare among children and young adults among whom presentation is usually at a late stage with poor prognosis. Objective: To review the demography, clinical presentation, morphology, and pathological stage of cases of colorectal carcinomas diagnosed in the children and adults. Methods: This was a retrospective review of cases of histologically diagnosed colorectal carcinoma of patients aged 40 years and below, between 1979 and 2008, using the request cards and hematoxylin and eosin stained slides. Results: Seventy-six (31.5%) of all cases of colorectal carcinoma were seen in patients aged 40 years and below. The mean age at presentation was 31years and the youngest aged 16 years. The male : female ratio was 1.6 : 1. The dominant clinical presentations were bloody diarrhea and rectal bleeding. Fifty-one (67.1%) cases were localized to the rectum, nine (16.1%) cases in the sigmoid colon, and eight (10.5%) cases in the caecum. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological variant. Mucin-producing tumours were seen in 25 (32.9%) cases. Almost all the patients presented at advanced pathological stage. Conclusion: Colorectal carcinoma is not rare among young Nigerians and it should be suspected when young patients present with chronic bloody diarrhoea. Digital rectal examination should be encouraged as part of clinical examination in this age group too since a large percentage of colorectal carcinomas is within the reach of the examining finger.

/pdf/colorectal-carcinoma-in-children-and-young-adults-in-ilorin-39zvvyn9vd.pdf

Colorectal Carcinoma in Children and Young Adults in Ilorin, Nigeria

Background : Malignant transformation in a mature cystic ovarian teratoma is rare. Except in cases with high index of suspicion or overt metastasis, oophorectomy is the mainstay of treatment for ovarian teratoma. Method : A 46-year-old perimenopausal woman who had salpingo-oophorectomy following a clinical diagnosis of benign ovarian tumour that was subsequently reported histologically as mature cystic ovarian teratoma with malignant transformation is presented. Results : She was referred to our facility based on the histopathology report and haematuria two weeks after surgery. Cystoscopic biopsy done was reported as metastatic squamous cell carcinoma most probably from the ovary. Patient was thereafter referred for radiotherapy but was lost to follow-up after the first course. Conclusion : Adequate evaluation prior to surgery in suspected ovarian teratoma with malignant transformation is critical to determine extent of surgery and adjuvant therapy. Prognosis in advanced disease condition such as the case presented is generally poor although radical pelvic surgery with resection of the adjacent involved bladder before radiotherapy would probably have improved her prognosis.

/pdf/squamous-cell-carcinoma-arising-in-a-mature-cystic-ovarian-3ih75yrn5p.pdf

Squamous Cell Carcinoma arising in a mature cystic ovarian Teratoma with bladder invasion: A Case Report

Background. Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial tissue (stroma and functional glands) outside the uterine cavity in women of reproductive age. Ectopic sites are frequently located in the pelvis; extrapelvic sites have been reported in the gastrointestinal tract and thoracic cavity. Thoracic manifestation of endometriosis constitutes thoracic endometriosis syndrome (TES).  Objectives. To examine the presentation pattern and outcome of in the management of TES.  Methods. This study is a retrospective review of medical records of patients diagnosed with endometriosis at the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital over a 3.5-year period from January 2014 to June 2017.  Results. A total of 21 patients presented with endometriosis, of whom 8 (38.1%) presented with TES. The most common variety of TES was catamenial pleural effusion (CPE) accounting for 75%, followed by catamenial chest pain (37.5%). Two patients (25%) each presented with catamenial pneumothorax and catamenial haemoptysis, while 1 (12.5%) had catamenial surgical emphysema. Closed thoracostomy tube drainage plus chemical pleurodesis was the most frequent intervention technique, accounting for 62.5%.  Conclusion. TES remains an uncommon entity, despite being the most common extrapelvic manifestation of endometriosis. CPE appeared to be the most common variant of TES in our environment. Currently available treatment options need to be improved, and more use made of video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

/pdf/thoracic-endometriosis-syndrome-at-university-of-ilorin-2i7i8fk0mo.pdf

Thoracic endometriosis syndrome at University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital

The presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies is of significant therapeutic implication. The aim of the study was to review gastric biopsies taken from dyspeptic patients in the University of Ilorin Teaching Hospital for H. pylori mucosa positivity and other parameters of chronic gastritis. Fifty-seven chronic gastritis cases were evaluated using the updated Sydney classification scheme. There were 27 males and 30 females with a mean age of 48.8 +/- 15.6 years. Chronic mononuclear inflammatory infiltrates ranging from mild, moderate to marked was seen in 15 (26.3%), 29 (50.9%) and 13 (22.8%) cases respectively. H. pylori was positive in 28 cases (49.1%) while the rest were H. pylori negative. Neutrophil activity was observed in 39 cases (68.4%). Non-atrophic gastritis was seen in 39 cases (68.4%) while atrophic gastritis ranging from mild to moderate changes was seen in 18 cases (31.6%). Intestinal metaplasia was found in 5 cases (8.8%) and it comprised of type I (3 cases) and type II (2 cases). H. pylori was the main aetiological agent responsible for chronic gastritis, commonly found in the antral mucosal biopsies and the majority presented with mild-moderate chronic inflammatory changes.

Histomorphology of Helicobacter pylori-associated chronic gastritis in Ilorin.

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