Understanding the Process of Economic Change

Recent cross-country empirical analysis has found that privately produced ratings of the performance of the central government bureaucracy in areas such as corruption and red tape are significant predictors of economic performance. We argue that several relatively simple, easily identifiable structural features constitute the key ingredients of effective state bureaucracies and should help to predict these ratings: competitive salaries, internal promotion and career stability, and meritocratic recruitment. We collect a new data set on these features for bureaucracies of 35 less developed countries. Controlling for country income, level of education, and ethnolinguistic diversity, we find that our measures of bureaucratic structure are statistically significant determinants of ratings supplied by two of three country risk agencies. Meritocratic recruitment is the most important structural feature for improving bureaucratic performance, followed by internal promotion and career stability. The importance of competitive salaries could not be clearly established

/pdf/bureaucratic-structure-and-bureaucratic-performance-in-less-1v0futitxk.pdf

Bureaucratic Structure and Bureaucratic Performance in Less Developed Countries - eScholarship

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of corruption on the efficiency of institutions. First, the institutional efficiency index was calculated by data envelopment analysis. Through these measures, it was found that institutionally efficient countries are the least corrupt and corruption negatively impacts the efficiency of institutions. Therefore, considering the relevance of institutions for the growth and development of countries, the importance of formulating public policies that fight corruption is emphasized, because in this way, institutions will become more efficient and the countries economically more prosperous.

/pdf/efeito-da-corrupcao-sobre-a-eficiencia-institucional-dos-40b4nf6cim.pdf

Efeito da corrupção sobre a eficiência institucional dos países

This study examines the impact of foreign aid on the institutional quality (IQ) of the OIC countries. Using the data of OIC countries for the three-year average period from 1991 to 2016, the system...

Does foreign aid help or hinder the institutional quality of the recipient country? new evidence from the oic countries

Abstract Due to G-7 countries' commitment to sustaining United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 8, which focuses on sustainable economic growth, there is a need to investigate the impact of tax revenue and institutional quality on economic growth, considering the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in the G-7 countries from 2012 to 2022. Cross-Sectional Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) technique is used to analyze the data. The study's findings indicate a long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables under examination. The causality results can be categorized as bidirectional, unidirectional, or indicating no causality. Based on the CS-ARDL results, the study recommends that G-7 governments and policymakers prioritize and strengthen the integration of AI into their institutions to stimulate growth in both the short- and long-term. However, the study cautions against overlooking the interaction between AI and tax revenue, as it did not demonstrate support for economic growth. While the interaction between AI and institutional quality shows potential for contributing to growth, it is crucial to implement robust measures to mitigate any potential negative effects that may arise from AI's interaction with tax systems. Therefore, the study suggests the development of AI-friendly tax policies within the G-7 countries, considering the nascent nature of the AI sector/industry. 

Leveraging the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in exploring the interplay among tax revenue, institutional quality, and economic growth in the G-7 countries

Taking a panel data of IMF member countries, this chapter primarily focuses on the IMF programme countries, during 1980–2009; a time period during which the number of IMF programmes witnessed an increasing trend. Firstly, important determinants of economic- and political institutional quality in IMF programme countries are estimated by applying the System-GMM approach, so as to find significant determinants among them. Here, a parliamentary form of government, aggregate governance level, civil liberties, openness, and property rights all enhance overall institutional quality. Specifically, greater monetary- and investment freedom are conducive for political institutional quality, while military in power impacts negatively. Moreover, economic growth is conducive for enhancing economic institutional quality.

/pdf/determinants-of-institutional-quality-a-case-study-of-imf-48nry1dv1k.pdf

Determinants of Institutional Quality: A Case Study of IMF Programme Countries

An attempt has been made to determine the variables that have a significant bearing on the economic and political institutional quality, taking a sample of member countries of IMF, especially focusing on the programme countries and prolonged users, during 1980-2012. Main results point towards a parliamentary form of government, governance and its related indicators, openness, freedom with regard to monetary, fiscal, investment and labour, and education as variables that significantly enhance institutional quality, while the presence of military in power, excessive strength of government and opposition in parliament, and foreign aid have a negative consequence for institutional quality.

In this chapter the impact of the significant institutional determinants (obtained from Chap. 2) is then estimated on real economic growth, both directly, and also indirectly, through the channel of macroeconomic stability. Results mainly validate that institutional determinants overall play a positive role in reducing macroeconomic instability, and through it, and also independently, enhance real economic growth.

/pdf/institutional-quality-macroeconomic-stabilization-and-21ydbcrac6.pdf

Institutional Quality, Macroeconomic Stabilization and Economic Growth: A Case Study of IMF Programme Countries

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Determinants of Institutional Quality: A Case Study of IMF Programme Countries

Determinants of Institutional Quality: A Case Study of IMF Programme Countries

Institutional Quality, Macroeconomic Stabilization and Economic Growth: A Case Study of IMF Programme Countries