Summary Background Since December, 2019, Wuhan, China, has experienced an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been reported but risk factors for mortality and a detailed clinical course of illness, including viral shedding, have not been well described. Methods In this retrospective, multicentre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients (≥18 years old) with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from Jinyintan Hospital and Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital (Wuhan, China) who had been discharged or had died by Jan 31, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data, including serial samples for viral RNA detection, were extracted from electronic medical records and compared between survivors and non-survivors. We used univariable and multivariable logistic regression methods to explore the risk factors associated with in-hospital death. Findings 191 patients (135 from Jinyintan Hospital and 56 from Wuhan Pulmonary Hospital) were included in this study, of whom 137 were discharged and 54 died in hospital. 91 (48%) patients had a comorbidity, with hypertension being the most common (58 [30%] patients), followed by diabetes (36 [19%] patients) and coronary heart disease (15 [8%] patients). Multivariable regression showed increasing odds of in-hospital death associated with older age (odds ratio 1·10, 95% CI 1·03–1·17, per year increase; p=0·0043), higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score (5·65, 2·61–12·23; p Interpretation The potential risk factors of older age, high SOFA score, and d-dimer greater than 1 μg/mL could help clinicians to identify patients with poor prognosis at an early stage. Prolonged viral shedding provides the rationale for a strategy of isolation of infected patients and optimal antiviral interventions in the future. Funding Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences; National Science Grant for Distinguished Young Scholars; National Key Research and Development Program of China; The Beijing Science and Technology Project; and Major Projects of National Science and Technology on New Drug Creation and Development.

Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study

世界経済・社会統計 = World development indicators

/pdf/social-capital-a-theory-of-social-structure-and-action-4m7poq6byy.pdf

Social capital: a theory of social structure and action

Manufacturing Advantage: Why High-Performance Work Systems Pay Off

The very name of this book and its subtitle, "Creative Self-Deception," start a fountain of thoughts going in all directions. Is it useful to deny reality; is it helpful; and, in sickness, or in health? We all have areas of denial, and its import is whether they are vital areas, and whether we can live or function better by denying in seeking to cope with reality. The book is full of generalizations. In some instances there are attempts to validate through citing research, but often the references are unclear and at times run counter to the thesis they are cited to prove. For example, an instance is given of a person seeing a lion on the savannah and thinking either "The lions are back, it must be spring" or "The lions are back—I must run or be killed." Thinking it is spring is a "positive illusion," but there is no

Positive Illusions: Creative Self-Deception and the Healthy Mind

Circadian disruption of ICU patients: A review of pathways, expression, and interventions

Clinical placement is a compulsory component of midwifery education and a time when some midwifery students become targets of workplace bullying. An anonymous, online qualitative survey was used to...

Being bullied as a midwifery student: does age matter?

Abstract Aim The aim of the study is to identify and map what is known about workplace violence involving midwives in Australia and New Zealand. Background Research from the United Kingdom demonstrates that workplace violence within maternity services is a pervasive issue with significant and wide‐ranging clinical, individual and organisational consequences. To date, little is known about this issue within Australian and New Zealand maternity services. Evaluation A scoping review, guided by Arksey and O′Malley's framework, was conducted. Reporting followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist. Just one identified study aimed to explore midwives' experiences of workplace violence. A further nine arrived at related results or themes. Key issues Workplace violence is present in a variety of forms across maternity services in Australia and New Zealand. Its prevalence is, however, yet to be understood. Workplace violence causes physical and mental health issues for midwives, premature workforce attrition, and jeopardizes the quality and safety of maternity care. Conclusions Workplace violence has been acknowledged as one of the key contributing factors towards premature attrition from the midwifery profession, with new graduate midwives most likely to leave. With the midwifery workforce ageing and evidence of serious clinical implications emerging, workplace violence needs urgent research and organisational attention. Implications for nursing management Workplace violence is a key contributing factor towards recruitment and retention challenges for managers. To help tackle this, managers have a key role to play in identifying and effectively addressing workplace violence by acting as positive role models, taking a zero‐tolerance approach and fostering collegial relationships. Managers, holding key clinical leadership positions, are pivotal to ensuring all complaints raised are handled with transparency and consistency regardless of one's position within the clinical hierarchy and organisational structure.

Workplace violence in the Australian and New Zealand midwifery workforce: A scoping review

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Circadian disruption of ICU patients: A review of pathways, expression, and interventions

Being bullied as a midwifery student: does age matter?

Workplace violence in the Australian and New Zealand midwifery workforce: A scoping review