This work presents an overview of the most relevant studies developed to understand the enhancement promoted by the double effect of the crystalline admixtures (CAs), both as permeability-reducers and as self-healing stimulators in cement-based materials. Thus, an in-depth investigation was carried out of the main mechanisms of CAs disclosed in the literature in order to associate the relationship between healing products and performance improvement in cementitious materials. Further, an examination of the impact of different factors in cementitious systems with CAs was reported, as well as the synergetic effects of CAs with other constituents. Finally, conclusions were drawn highlighting research needs and addressing future works in order to provide a substantial overview of the latest information in the literature for those who are working or intend to work with this type of admixture.

An overview of a twofold effect of crystalline admixtures in cement-based materials: from permeability-reducers to self-healing stimulators

Railway ballast material selection and evaluation: A review

Air Tanah merupakan salah satu sumberdaya air yang sering digunakan untuk 
kebutuhan industri, pertanian maupun kebutuhan domestik. Pengambilan Air Tanah untuk 
berbagai macam kebutuhan telah memberikan kontribusi yang sangat besar dalam 
meningkatkan kualitas hidup manusia baik secara sosial maupun ekonomi. Hal ini 
memunculkan permasalahan yang cukup serius yaitu terjadinya eksploitasi Air Tanah
secara berlebihan dan tidak terkendali, sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan muka 
Air Tanah secara permanen dan subsidence. 
Cekungan Air Tanah Yogyakarta-Sleman mencakup wilayah di lereng selatan 
Gunung Merapi yang meliputi Kabupaten Sleman, Kota Yogyakarta dan Kabupaten 
Bantul. Kabupaten-Kabupaten tersebut saat ini telah mengalami perkembangan yang cukup 
pesat dalam bidang industri, pertanian dan domestik dibandingkan beberapa tahun yang 
lalu. Hal ini berimbas pada semakin tingginya kebutuhan akan Air Tana h, sehingga akan 
menimbulkan degradasi kualitas dan kuantitas Air Tanah. Untuk mengatasi permasalah ini, 
maka perlu dilakukannya Pengelolaan Air Tanah. Pengelolaan Air Tanah meliputi beberapa 
macam aspek, salah satu faktor penting yang menunjang program pengelolaan Air Tanah
adalah evaluasi cadangan Air Tanah, tingka pemanfaatan dan neraca pemanfaatan Air 
Tanah di Cekungan Air Tanah Yogyakarta-Sleman. Cadangan Air Tanah dapat diketahui 
dengan melakukan perhitungan cadangan Air Tanah statis, dinamis dan imbuhan Air 
Tanah. Hasil dari perhitungan cadangan Air Tana h dan pemanfaatan Air Tanah, dapat 
digunakan untuk menghitung tingkat pemanfaatan airtanah dan neraca pemanfaatan Air 
Tanah di Cekungan Air Tanah. Dengan demikian, hasil dari pekerjaan tersebut diharapkan 
dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu upaya dalam menentukan langkah pendayagunaan Air 
Tanah agar tercipta efektivitas dan efisiensi penggunaan Air Tanah secara berkelanjutan.

Cadangan air tanah berdasarkangeometri dan konfigurasi sistem akuifercekungan air tanah yogyakarta-sleman

Crystalline admixture (CA) has garnered attention as a promising self-healing agent for cementitious composites. This paper aims to provide a compressive review on the effects of CA on the self-healing behaviours and durability properties of cementitious composites. CA is in powder form, consisting of Portland cement and special chemicals as self-healing stimulants. Since the powder-form CA was directly mixed with the cementitious mixture, CA addition has no significant impact on the properties of fresh concrete but enhances the compressive strength of CA-cementitious composites. Furthermore, self-healing is activated by moisture, resulting in the production of calcium-based self-healing products. In terms of crack closure efficacy, CA-cementitious specimens cured under wet/dry cycle demonstrated a higher crack closure ratio than those cured under water immersion or air exposure. Specimens cured in chloride solution exhibited the best healing recovery. However, reduced mechanical recoveries are observed in specimens exposed to freeze–thaw cycles and those in chloride solution, while better mechanical recoveries are found in specimens exposed to wet/dry cycles. Overall, CA can reduce the sorptivity, permeability, chloride penetration, and the depth of sodium ions penetration, offering favourable protection for cementitious composites. Although some durability properties of CA-cementitious composites have been explored, further studies are required to investigate potential effects on shrinkage, ingress of aggressive ions, carbonation, and alkali-silica reaction (ASR). The application of CA in cementitious composites could be considered as a cost-effective approach for inducing self-healing capability, given its affordable and straightforward construction process. 

A comprehensive review on self-healing cementitious composites with crystalline admixtures: Design, performance and application

Modelling urban inundation and its associated health implications is numerous in its many applications. Flood modelling research contains a broad wealth of material, and microbial risk assessment has gained more popularity over the last decade. However, there is still a relative lack of understanding of how the microbial risk can be quantified from urban sewer flooding. This article intends to review the literature encompassing contemporary urban flood modelling approaches. Hydrodynamic and microbial models that can be applied for quantitative microbial risk assessment will be discussed. Consequently, urban sewer flooding will be the focus. This review found that the literature contains a variety of different hazards posed by urban flooding. Yet, far fewer examples encompass microbial risk from sewer system exceedance. To date, there is no evidence of a perfect model or technique, to carry out a quantitative microbial risk assessment from hydrodynamic simulations. The literature details many different methods. We intend to detail the advantages and limitations of each method. Along similar lines, hydraulic data constitutes a large part of the uncertainty which is inherent to this research field. Many studies in the literature detail data paucity and uncertainty in input data. As such, any advancement in this discipline will very likely aid future research.

/pdf/modelling-urban-sewer-flooding-and-quantitative-microbial-3oz4n5af.pdf

Modelling urban sewer flooding and quantitative microbial risk assessment: A critical review

This paper is a review of the development of simulation model for water-energy nexus in achieving sustainable water management in Indonesia. It is important to understand complex interconnection of water and energy to create strategy since Indonesia is facing the decrease of resources and increase of demand. A system dynamic simulation model is a reliable tool to simulate the relationship between water and energy. This study objective is to develop a conceptual model that can determine the amount of demand, supply, or import of water and energy. The method used is a Vensim (Ventana Simulation Environment) program. This conceptual water-energy nexus framework could further being tested to calculate the balance of water and energy element and creating sustainable resource management plans.

Water-energy nexus development for sustainable water management in Indonesia

The Tsunami Run-up Assesment of 1977 Sumba Earthquake in Kuta, Center of Lombok, Indonesia

The Indonesian Regulation which refers to the ICOLD Regulation (International Committee on Large Dam required have the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) guidelines because of the dams have potential failure. In EAP guidelines there is a management of evacuation where the determination of the inundation map based on flood modeling. The purpose of the EAP is to minimize the risk of loss of life and property in downstream which caused by dam failure. This paper will describe about develop flood modeling and inundation map in Krisak dam using numerical methods through dam break analysis (DBA) using hydraulic model Zhong Xing HY-21. The approaches of dam failure simulation are overtopping and piping. Overtopping simulation based on quadrangular, triangular and trapezium fracture. Piping simulation based on cracks of orifice. Using results of DBA, hazard classification of Krisak dam is very high. The nearest village affected dam failure is Singodutan village (distance is 1.45 kilometer from dam) with inundation depth is 1.85 meter. This result can be used by stakeholders such as emergency responders and the community at risk in formulating evacuation procedure.

/pdf/dam-break-analysis-and-flood-inundation-map-of-krisak-dam-3kbw9w68zu.pdf

Dam break analysis and flood inundation map of Krisak dam for emergency action plan

Frequency Analysis of Design-Flood Discharge Using Gumbel Distribution at Katulampa Weir, Ciliwung River

The infrastructure construction in Indonesia has been extensively growing, especially the construction of new road networks to connect major cities. Road pavement is an expensive infrastructure, and hence, it is important to ensure that the pavement layers can last until its designed lifetime. Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) pavement is one of the most commonly used type of pavement. However, the HMA pavements are often found with water-related distresses at an early stage, and hence, the pavement will not be able to last, while Indonesia is a tropical country and has a relatively high groundwater level in some major cities. Therefore, it is necessary to study an additive that could help in improving the moisture susceptibility of HMA layers. This study aims to provide an evaluation of moisture susceptibility of HMA pavements with the addition of waterproofing additives, including Wetfix-BE, and Wetbond-SP. Three tests were conducted to assess the moisture susceptibility, which are Marshall, Cantabro Loss, and Indirect Tensile Strength tests. It was found that both additives worked well in helping the HMA samples to be more resistant to water, although the samples with the additional of Wetbond-SP had a better performance than the samples with Wetfix-BE added.

/pdf/evaluation-of-moisture-susceptibility-of-hot-mix-asphalt-1lndmjil0u.pdf

Evaluation of moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt

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