Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999 ☆ ☆☆ ★ ★★

The “Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999” presents the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)'s recommendations for the prevention of surgical site infections (SSIs), formerly called surgical wound infections. This two-part guideline updates and replaces previous guidelines.Part I, “Surgical Site Infection: An Overview,” describes the epidemiology, definitions, microbiology, pathogenesis, and surveillance of SSIs. Included is a detailed discussion of the pre-, intra-, and postoperative issues relevant to SSI genesis.

/pdf/guideline-for-prevention-of-surgical-site-infection-1999-2k3en33kqw.pdf

Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999

This document represents the first collaboration between 2 organizations-the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition and the Society of Critical Care Medicine-to describe best practices in nutrition therapy in critically ill children. The target of these guidelines is intended to be the pediatric critically ill patient (>1 month and 2-3 days in a PICU admitting medical, surgical, and cardiac patients. In total, 2032 citations were scanned for relevance. The PubMed/MEDLINE search resulted in 960 citations for clinical trials and 925 citations for cohort studies. The EMBASE search for clinical trials culled 1661 citations. In total, the search for clinical trials yielded 1107 citations, whereas the cohort search yielded 925. After careful review, 16 randomized controlled trials and 37 cohort studies appeared to answer 1 of the 8 preidentified question groups for this guideline. We used the GRADE criteria (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation) to adjust the evidence grade based on assessment of the quality of study design and execution. These guidelines are not intended for neonates or adult patients. The guidelines reiterate the importance of nutrition assessment-particularly, the detection of malnourished patients who are most vulnerable and therefore may benefit from timely intervention. There is a need for renewed focus on accurate estimation of energy needs and attention to optimizing protein intake. Indirect calorimetry, where feasible, and cautious use of estimating equations and increased surveillance for unintended caloric underfeeding and overfeeding are recommended. Optimal protein intake and its correlation with clinical outcomes are areas of great interest. The optimal route and timing of nutrient delivery are areas of intense debate and investigations. Enteral nutrition remains the preferred route for nutrient delivery. Several strategies to optimize enteral nutrition during critical illness have emerged. The role of supplemental parenteral nutrition has been highlighted, and a delayed approach appears to be beneficial. Immunonutrition cannot be currently recommended. Overall, the pediatric critical care population is heterogeneous, and a nuanced approach to individualizing nutrition support with the aim of improving clinical outcomes is necessary.

Guidelines for the Provision and Assessment of Nutrition Support Therapy in the Adult Critically Ill Patient Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) and American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (A.S.P.E.N.)

Nutritional risk screening (NRS 2002): a new method based on an analysis of controlled clinical trials.

ESPEN guidelines on nutrition in cancer patients

Objectives The authors examined the impact of adjuvant total parenteral nutrition after major pancreatic resection for malignancy. Summary background data Previous studies have suggested a benefit to perioperative nutritional support for patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. Methods A prospective, randomized study was conducted using patients who had undergone a major pancreatic resection with randomization on postoperative day one to either receive or not receive adjuvant total parenteral nutrition. Results No benefit could be demonstrated by the use of adjuvant parenteral nutrition in this setting. Complications were significantly greater in the group receiving total parenteral nutrition. These complications tended to be those associated with infection. Conclusions Routine applications of postoperative parenteral nutrition to patients undergoing major pancreatic resection for malignancy cannot be recommended. Further studies are required to determine the reason that infectious complications in these patients are increased.

A prospective randomized trial of total parenteral nutrition after major pancreatic resection for malignancy

Background: Optimization of body mass index (BMI) among cancer survivors is a priority. Long-term enteral nutrition is required by many head and neck cancer survivors and may be utilized to affect changes in BMI. Methods: We used a retrospective review of head and neck cancer survivors dependent on enteral nutrition. Patients were grouped according to their BMI at initiation of enteral feeding. Patients with normal, low, or elevated BMI were assigned a goal of weight maintenance, weight gain, or weight reduction, respectively. Changes in BMI over time were recorded. Results: We identified 39 head and neck cancer survivors requiring enteral nutrition. Median time on enteral nutrition was 32 ± 39.6 months. At the initiation of enteral feeding, 51% of patients had a normal BMI and were assigned to the weight maintenance group, 84% successfully maintained a normal BMI (mean 22.4 ± 1.7 kg/m2), and 18% had a low BMI and were assigned to the weight gain group. In all, 85% achieved or trended toward a normal BMI ...

Long-Term Enteral Nutrition Facilitates Optimization of Body Weight

Neoplastic diseases account for approximately one-half of all patients receiving home enteral nutrition, most of them with dysphagia due to the underlying cancer or antineoplastic therapies (malignant dysphagia). A review of the records of all patients with malignant dysphagia receiving home enteral nutrition for greater than 1 year was undertaken. The following factors were identified: age, primary cancer, type of enteral access, calories received, duration of therapy, complications, and need for tube replacement. Eighty-two patients were studied. On average, patients received 1978 cal/day (range: 500 to 3000) and were maintained on home enteral nutrition for 976 days (range: 367 to 3026). Complications at the tube site were infection in 4 patients (4.8%) and significant leakage in 2 patients (2.4%). Average durability of the enteral access devices was percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomies (PEG) = 690 days, low profile gastrostomy = 1701 days, percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomies (PEJ) = 591 days, low-p...

Clinical Research: Outcome of Home Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Malignant Dysphagia

Handle everyday research tasks with reliable, citation-backed results

Your personal Research Agent to handle research tasks with citation-backed results

Popular Tasks used by Researchers

How can I help with your research?

Meet SciSpace

Get more enhanced response by uploading the PDFs you want me to reference.

No relevant PDFs in your library

SciSpace is the AI research assistant for academics. Run systematic literature reviews on 280M+ papers, and write papers with cited sources. Trusted by 1M+ students, PhDs & researchers.

SciSpace | AI for Research

Analyze PDFs

Code & Manuscripts

Funding & Grants

Literature & Patents

Medical & Clinical Data

Systematic Review

Visualize & Present

Web & Data

Build a Google Scholar-like website for your research.

Build a website

Create charts and images for your research

Create a Chart

Write a paper for submission to a journal

Draft a manuscript

Patent Search

Design eye-catching scientific posters in minutes.

Scientific Poster Generation

Systematic Literature Review

One task is running at the moment. Your messages will be shown right after.

Drag and drop or click here to browse

Loved by <highlight>1 million+</highlight> researchers

Extract a list of specific topics and their sources from unstructured text

Topics

Compare and analyze relevant papers that matches with your search

Papers

Get insights from PDFs and bookmarked papers from your library

My library

Recent searches

Try searching for:

Catch AI-generated content in scholarly and non-scholarly content

{ai} Detector

Ai Writer

Get PDF Summaries, highlighted text explanations 

Chat with PDF

Effortlessly create in-text citations and bibliographies in APA and 2,500 other formats

Citation generator

Get explanations, summaries, and answers on academic papers

Ease up your research workflow with {scispace}'s cohort of exciting AI tools

Elevate your academic writing skills and convey your ideas the way you want

Paraphraser

Explore our range of reading and writing tools

Your file is being prepared and should be ready in a few minutes. If it's a large file, it might take a bit longer. You can close this window, and we'll email you the file when it's done.

You have reached a maximum limit of <strong>{limit}</strong> columns in the table. Remove at least <strong>1</strong> column to add or create another one.

Ofelia Quesada

Author Tools

Chat about Author

Papers

A prospective randomized trial of total parenteral nutrition after major pancreatic resection for malignancy

Long-Term Enteral Nutrition Facilitates Optimization of Body Weight

Clinical Research: Outcome of Home Enteral Nutrition in Patients with Malignant Dysphagia