J. Bousquet, N. Khaltaev, A. A. Cruz, J. Denburg, W. J. Fokkens, A. Togias, T. Zuberbier, C. E. Baena-Cagnani, G. W. Canonica, C. van Weel, I. Agache, N. A t-Khaled, C. Bachert, M. S. Blaiss, S. Bonini, L.-P. Boulet, P.-J. Bousquet, P. Camargos, K.-H. Carlsen, Y. Chen, A. Custovic, R. Dahl, P. Demoly, H. Douagui, S. R. Durham, R. Gerth van Wijk, O. Kalayci, M. A. Kaliner, Y.-Y. Kim, M. L. Kowalski, P. Kuna, L. T. T. Le, C. Lemiere, J. Li, R. F. Lockey, S. Mavale-Manuel , E. O. Meltzer, Y. Mohammad, J. Mullol, R. Naclerio, R. E. O Hehir, K. Ohta, S. Ouedraogo, S. Palkonen, N. Papadopoulos, G. Passalacqua, R. Pawankar, T. A. Popov, K. F. Rabe, J. Rosado-Pinto, G. K. Scadding, F. E. R. Simons, E. Toskala, E. Valovirta, P. van Cauwenberge, D.-Y. Wang, M. Wickman, B. P. Yawn, A. Yorgancioglu, O. M. Yusuf, H. Zar Review Group: I. Annesi-Maesano, E. D. Bateman, A. Ben Kheder, D. A. Boakye, J. Bouchard, P. Burney, W. W. Busse, M. Chan-Yeung, N. H. Chavannes, A. Chuchalin, W. K. Dolen, R. Emuzyte, L. Grouse, M. Humbert, C. Jackson, S. L. Johnston, P. K. Keith, J. P. Kemp, J.-M. Klossek, D. Larenas-Linnemann, B. Lipworth, J.-L. Malo, G. D. Marshall, C. Naspitz, K. Nekam, B. Niggemann, E. Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, Y. Okamoto, M. P. Orru, P. Potter, D. Price, S. W. Stoloff, O. Vandenplas, G. Viegi, D. Williams

World Health Organization; GA(2)LEN; AllerGen. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen)

Background: Allergic rhinitis represents a global health problem affecting 10% to 20% of the population. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines have been widely used to treat the approximately 500 million affected patients globally. Objective: To develop explicit, unambiguous, and transparent clinical recommendations systematically for treatment of allergic rhinitis on the basis of current best evidence. Methods: The authors updated ARIA clinical recommendations in collaboration with Global Allergy and Asthma European Network following the approach suggested by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group. Results: This article presents recommendations about the prevention of allergic diseases, the use of oral and topical medications, allergen specific immunotherapy, and complementary treatments in patients with allergic rhinitis as well as patients with both allergic rhinitis and asthma. The guideline panel developed evidence profiles for each recommendation and considered health benefits and harms, burden, patient preferences, and resource use, when appropriate, to formulate recommendations for patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals. Conclusion: These are the most recent and currently the most systematically and transparently developed recommendations about the treatment of allergic rhinitis in adults and children. Patients, clinicians, and policy makers are encouraged to use these recommendations in their daily practice and to support their decisions.

/pdf/allergic-rhinitis-and-its-impact-on-asthma-aria-guidelines-3pawic20n9.pdf

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines: 2010 Revision

During the 20 th century, public health evolved with increasing capacity for disease prevention as scientific breakthroughs occurred in microbiology, immunology, nutrition, and other sciences. Disease-control advanced and new epidemiologic evidence identified risk factors for the growing burden of noncommunicable diseases such as the cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and others. Medical care also improved and became more accessible through health insurance systems both in the private and governmental sector. Health systems became more combined public–private endeavors, with health insurance for medical- and hospital-care taking center stage.

Marc Lalonde, the Health Field Concept and Health Promotion

Integrating social entrepreneurs into the "health for all"

SUMMARYImplementing health-promoting programmes for the most excluded and at-risk social groups forms a key part of any efforts to address underserved populations and reduce health inequalities in society. However, many at-risk children, particularly children in Deaf communities, are not reached, or are poorly served, by health-promoting programmes within the school setting. This is so because schools are effective as health-promoting environments for d/Deaf children only to the extent that they properly address their unique communication needs and ensure they are both able and enabled to learn in a communication-rich and supportive psycho-social environment. This article examines how the usually separate strands of school health promotion and d/Deaf education might be woven together and illustrates research with Deaf community members that involves them and gives their perspective. The primary objective of this study was to map Deaf pilot bilingual education programmes in Spain—one of the first countries to ratify the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (United Nations. (2006) Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, Resolution A/RES/61/106.)—with particular attention to their compliance to the Convention's article 24. Following pre-testing, 516 key informants were surveyed by mail (response rate: 42.08%) by using a snow-ball key-informant approach, within a Participatory Action Research framework, at a national, regional and local level. The results show that although some schools have achieved recommended standards, bilingual programmes are in various stages of formulation and implementation and are far from being equally distributed across the country, with only four regions concentrating more than 70% of these practices. This uneven geographical distribution of programmes probably reflects more basic differences in the priority given by regions, provinces, and municipalities to the Deaf community's needs and rights as an important policy objective and may reinforce or widen inequalities by favouring or discriminating rather than achieving access and equity for this noticeably overlooked community.

http://rua.ua.es/dspace/bitstream/10045/9605/1/health_promoting_school_deaf_spain.pdf

Setting the stage for school health-promoting programmes for deaf children in Spain.

Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over their health and its determinants This is done by strengthening individual skills and capabilities and the capacity of groups to change the many conditions particularly the social and economic causes that affect health The value of health promotion has recently been reaffirmed It is a core function of public health and a cornerstone of primary health care It is both effective and cost effective and the links between health health promotion and human and economic development are increasingly recognized In 1986 health promotion came into full force through the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion The Ottawa Charter adopted at the first WHO Global Conference on Health Promotion and reinforced by further conferences held in Adelaide Sundsvall Jakarta and Mexico City sets out a clear agenda to pursue health for all by addressing the broad determinants of health such as shelter education food and income Through joint efforts with others including the International Union for Health Promotion and Education academic institutes and many professional associations and ministries health promotion has successfully shifted the focus from behavioural change at the individual level (with a disease orientation) to health-oriented behaviour and other determinants such as a healthy diet physical activity personal hygiene education for women and social connectedness through the use of combinations of the five Ottawa Charter Action Areas (excerpt)

Policy and partnership for health promotion -- addressing the determinants of health [editorial]

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Policy and partnership for health promotion -- addressing the determinants of health [editorial]