Morphogenetic traits are observable characters inherited by individuals from their parents in autosomal dominant or recessive manner and expressed differently among populations. The differences in inheritance and expression of these traits usually form the basis of diversity and variation among populations. This study was carried out to ascertain the distribution, inheritance pattern and association of morphogenetic traits among students of the University of Lagos, Nigeria. Ten morphogenetic traits which includes, widow's peak, hitchhiker's thumb, cleft chin, tongue rolling, earlobe attachment, dimpled cheeks, bent little finger, ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide(PTC), mid-phalangeal hair and polydactyly were assessed by observations among 1000 randomly selected undergraduate students of the University. Association studies between traits were carried out using chi-square test of independence with a threshold of 5% level of significance. The study revealed the distributions of the traits as follows: widow's peak present in 36.8%; double jointed hitchhiker's thumb, 46.5%;cleft chin, 19.9%; tongue rollers, 63.9%; free earlobe attachment, 74.6%; dimpled cheeks,22.0%; bent little finger, 36.7%; ability to taste PTC, 42.9%; presence of mid-phalangeal hair,35.35% and polydactyly was found in 6.8% of the participants. Association evaluation showed no significant association between all the morphogenetic traits and gender except for dimpled cheeks (χ2 = 5.26, p = 0.022). Ability to taste PTC was found to be associated with tongue rolling (χ2 = 4.46, p = 0.035); widow's peak was associated with cleft chin (χ2 = 11.63, p

Inheritance pattern and association studies of some human morphogenetic traits among Nigerian undergraduate students

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is the study of the distribution of allelic and genotypic frequencies in a population. The objective of this study is to evaluate the allelic and genotypic frequency of d...

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/26895293.2020.1750491

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium study of six morphogenetic characters in a population of Punjab, Pakistan

The shape of the hairline is very important in a person's identity and in determining the impression they make. Reports on the morphology of a normal hairline are still scarce. Differences in the shape of male and female hairlines in Japanese subjects are discussed in this study. Methods A questionnaire about hairline type, the presence or absence of a widow's peak, and measurement of the width and height of the forehead was given to 456 healthy subjects, and their responses were recorded. Results Percentages of frontal hairline types were found to be linear (women 36.1%, men 45.9%), triangular (7.2%, 0.82%), round (38.5%, 10.7%), and M- shaped (18.2%, 42.6%). Temporal hairline types: inverted triangle (20.3%, 65.6%), inverted round (27.8%, 17.2%), straight (24.8%, 10.6%), and convex (27.2%, 6.6%). The incidence of a widow's peak was 29.6% in women and 32.8% in men. The mean length of the mid-frontal line was 6.2 cm in women and 6.65 cm in men. Conclusions Regarding the hairline morphology of the frontal view, two types (linear and M-shaped) accounted for 88.5% of men. In women, linear accounted for 36.1%, being relatively high, but lower than the frequency in men. Round accounted for 38.5%, being the highest. Regarding the temporal hairline, a hairless region (inverted triangle and inverted round) was noted in 82.8% of men. In women, a hairless region was present in 48.1% and was absent (straight and convex) in 51.9%. A temporal hairline with a hairless region was noted in the majority of men, whereas it was absent in slightly more cases in women.

Study of Frontal and Temporal Hairline Patterns in Japanese Subjects.

Background: Human beings, like all living organisms, are characterized by the presence of genetically inherited physical and/or physiological characters which made them to be genetically distinct from each other. These traits, known as morphogenetic traits, are transmitted in autosomal dominant or recessive fashion. This study strives to determine the distribution, association and inheritance pattern of morphogenetic characters among students of Federal Polytechnic Ile-Oluji, Ondo State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: A random sample of four hundred (male 219 and female 181) students were evaluated for two serological (blood group and rhesus factor) and ten morphogenetic traits including, earlobe attachment, bent little finger, widow’s peak, hitchhiker’s thumb, tongue rolling, tongue flipping, cleft chin, mid-phalangeal hair, eye colour and polydactyly. The data obtained were expressed in simple percentages. Chi- square analysis was used to test for statistically significant associations between observed allelic and genotypic frequency at 5% level of significance. Results and Discussions: The study revealed Blood group O as the most prevalent (47%) followed by A (22.75%), B (18.5%) while the least was AB (11.75%). Over 91% of these population were Rh (D) positive while over 8% were Rh (D) negative. The other genetic traits were observed in frequencies; attached earlobe (57.25%), bent little finger (27.5%), widow’s peak (34.25%), hitchhiker’s thumb (65.75%), tongue rolling (54.25%), tongue flipping (23%), cleft chin (24%), mid-digital hair (42%), dark eye colour (31%) and polydactyly (26.75%). Association analysis showed the presence of association between gender and all the traits excepting widow’s peak (χ2 = 19.7, p = 0.000), cleft chin (χ2 = 11.5, p = 0.000) and polydactyl (χ2 = 12.2, p = 0.000). Conclusion: Recessive traits were much more prevalent in the sampled population. The results obtained established baseline data for this population, and it can be used for medically, legally and also for anthropological studies. 

Study of Serological and Morphogenetic Variability among Students in Federal Polytechnic, Ile-Oluji, Ondo State

Originally believed to be an omen for early widowhood, widow's peak, a V-shaped descending extension of the anterior hairline at the center of the forehead is now known to be a morphogenetic trait. Although in the majority of cases, widow's peak is a normal variant, its presence has also been associated with several genetic syndromes.

Widow's peak: a usually overlooked, yet significant morphogenetic trait.

Background Genetic variability is a common feature of many organisms. The existence of genetic variation in man is caused by many factors along with selection, migration, gene flow and genetic drift. Human genetics are known as hereditary traits, these hereditary traits include the dominant and recessive traits in humans. Most of the genes are transmitted in the Mendelian pattern and a few are transmitted through the non-Mendelian pattern. Objective To show variation pattern in earlobe attachment, hair line distribution and presence or absence of cheek dimples and to determine prevalence of these traits among the Esan ethnic group of Southern Nigeria. Design Descriptive study. Setting The target populations for this study are the Esan ethnic group of Southern Nigeria. Esan land is bordered to the south by Benin City, to the east by Agbor City, to the north by Etsako and to the west by River Niger. Subject A simple random sampling technique was used to select 400 volunteered subjects (176 males, 224 females). They were between the ages of 17-60. Their parents and grandparents were from Esan backgrounds. Data on cheek dimple (present or absent), widow's peak or straight hairline and earlobe attachment was gathered. Result Results showed 12.5% of Males and 21.3% of females had cheek dimples while 31.5% of males and 34.7% of female had no dimple. 29.0% Males and 40.0% females had unattached earlobe while 15.0% Males and 16.0% females had their earlobes attached. Results for widow's peak showed 14.7% males and 16.5% females had widow's peak while 29.3% males and females 39.5% didn't have a peak. The chi-squared analysis of variance showed that there is a no significant difference between gender for earlobe attachment, hair line variation and cheek dimple (p > 0.05). Conclusion The study concluded that these traits varies in the population but do not vary with gender.

/pdf/a-study-of-some-morphogenetic-traits-among-the-esan-ethnic-2bwpjab30u.pdf

A study of some morphogenetic traits among the esan ethnic group of nigeria.

Background : The ischiopubic index is calculated by dividing the pubic length by the ischial length and multiplying by 100 It has been said to be one of the parameters affecting the pelvic inlet and this is of interest to obstetricians and anatomic anthropologists Objectives : To determine and compare the pubic length, ischial length and ischiopubic index among the males and females of Isoko and Bini ethnic groups of Nigeria Design : A retrospective cross sectional study Setting: University of Benin teaching hospital (UBTH), Irrua Specialist teaching hospital (ISTH) and Eku Baptist Hospital Subjects: Four hundred antero-posterior radiographs ; two hundred for the Isoko (males 105 and females 95) and two hundred also for the Bini (males 110 and females 90) adult pelvis in the age range of 18 – 65 years were evaluated Results : Pubic length, ischial length, and ischiopubic index were measured The mean pubic length, mean ischial length and mean ischiopubic index of Isoko males are respectively (mm) 7842±340,6941±510, 752-975, 8752 ±130 The range and point of demarcation are (mm): 752-975, <8622 For Isoko females, the mean pubic length, mean ischial length and mean ischiopubic index are (mm): 8120 ±50, 7430±610, 10621±910 The range and demarcation point are (mm): 87-12510, <9711 The mean pubic length, mean ischial length and mean ischiopubic index of Bini males are respectively (mm): 7432±540,8271 ±720, 8872±240 The range and point of demarcation are (mm) 70-98,<8632 For Bini females they are (mm); 8648±420, 7861±741, 11221±771 The range and point of demarcation are (mm): 841-13250, <10450 respectively Conclusion : The study showed sexual dimorphism in the ischipubic index of the study population and a significant difference in actual mean values and demarking points between the two population groups studied This contributes growing database of anthropologically and obstetrically significant data for ethnic groups in Nigeria and could help in identification of skeletal remains in the hitherto restive Nigerian Niger-Delta region

/pdf/anthropometric-study-of-ischiopubic-index-of-the-isoko-and-5e4hfak7x4.pdf

Anthropometric study of ischiopubic index of the isoko and benin in nigeria.

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A study of some morphogenetic traits among the esan ethnic group of nigeria.

Anthropometric study of ischiopubic index of the isoko and benin in nigeria.