A 2.5 m long liquid hydrogen target has been developed for the COMPASS experiment at CERN to investigate the nucleon spin structure via the Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) process. To recognize exclusive DVCS events, produced photons and slow protons need to be detected. In order to do so, the material budget around the target has to be minimal. A 0.125 mm thick Kapton ® target cell and a 1 mm thick carbon fiber vacuum chamber with a Mylar ® window have been constructed and tested. Finally, the target system was successfully employed during the DVCS pilot run in COMPASS at the end of 2012. The objective of this paper is to give a detailed description of this newly developed liquid hydrogen target apparatus.

A 2.5 m long liquid hydrogen target for COMPASS

A liquid hydrogen target has been developed for the COMPASS experiment at CERN. The target has a diameter of 40 mm and a length of 2.5 meter, creating an active volume of about 3 liter of liquid hydrogen. The cylindrical part of the target wall is formed by a Kapton® foil strip, wound and glued to a thickness of 0.125 mm. The Kapton® foil is used to minimize the energy loss of the particles, scattered or created within the target volume, crossing the target boundary. The two end-caps enclosing the target volume have been fabricated from Mylar®. The system is cooled with a 30 W at 20 K cryocooler, delivering the cooling capacity for the cool-down as well as for the continuous operation of the system.

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Liquid hydrogen target for the COMPASS experiment

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Liquid hydrogen target for the COMPASS experiment