To any solution of a linear system of differential equations, we associate a matrix kernel, correlators satisfying a set of loop equations, and in the presence of isomonodromic parameters, a Tau function. We then study their semiclassical expansion (WKB type expansion in powers of the weight $${\hbar}$$
 per derivative) of these quantities. When this expansion is of topological type (TT), the coefficients of expansions are computed by the topological recursion with initial data given by the semiclassical spectral curve of the linear system. This provides an efficient algorithm to compute them at least when the semiclassical spectral curve is of genus 0. TT is a non-trivial property, and it is an open problem to find a criterion which guarantees it is satisfied. We prove TT and illustrate our construction for the linear systems associated to the qth reductions of KP—which contain the (p, q) models as a specialization.

/pdf/rational-differential-systems-loop-equations-and-application-c84a6x9bf3.pdf

Rational Differential Systems, Loop Equations, and Application to the $q$th Reductions of KP

We write the loop equations for the $\beta$ two-matrix model, and we propose a topological recursion algorithm to solve them, order by order in a small parameter. We find that to leading order, the spectral curve is a "quantum" spectral curve, i.e. it is given by a differential operator (instead of an algebraic equation for the hermitian case). Here, we study the case where that quantum spectral curve is completely degenerate, it satisfies a Bethe ansatz, and the spectral curve is the Baxter TQ relation.

/pdf/loop-equations-and-topological-recursion-for-the-arbitrary-4ijgpxxktc.pdf

Loop equations and topological recursion for the arbitrary-$\beta$ two-matrix model

We write the loop equations for the β two-matrix model, and we propose a topological recursion algorithm to solve them, order by order in a small parameter. We find that to leading order, the spectral curve is a “quantum” spectral curve, i.e. it is given by a differential operator (instead of an algebraic equation for the hermitian case). Here, we study the case where that quantum spectral curve is completely degenerate, it satisfies a Bethe ansatz, and the spectral curve is the Baxter TQ relation.

/pdf/loop-equations-and-topological-recursion-for-the-arbitrary-b-3vvtpuxjcf.pdf

Loop equations and topological recursion for the arbitrary-β two-matrix model

The goal of this article is to prove that the determinantal formulas of the Painlev'e 2 system identify with the correlation functions computed from the topological recursion on their spectral curve for an arbitrary non-zero monodromy parameter. The result is established for two different Lax pairs associated to the Painlev'e 2 system, namely the Jimbo-Miwa Lax pair and the Harnad-Tracy-Widom Lax pair, whose spectral curves are not connected by any symplectic transformation. We provide a new method to prove the topological type property without using the insertion operators. In the process, taking the time parameter t to infinity gives that the symplectic invariants F(g) computed from the Hermite-Weber curve and the Bessel curve are equal to respectively. This result generalizes similar results obtained from random matrix theory in the special case where {\theta} = 0. We believe that this approach should apply for all 6 Painlev'e equations with arbitrary monodromy parameters. Explicit computations up to g = 3 are provided along the paper as an illustration of the results.

Painlev'e 2 equation with arbitrary monodromy parameter, topological recursion and determinantal formulas

In this article, we show that the double scaling limit correlation functions of a random matrix model when two cuts merge with degeneracy $2m$ (i.e. when $y\sim x^{2m}$ for arbitrary values of the integer $m$) are the same as the determinantal formulae defined by conformal $(2m,1)$ models. Our approach follows the one developed by Bergere and Eynard in \cite{BergereEynard} and uses a Lax pair representation of the conformal $(2m,1)$ models (giving Painleve II integrable hierarchy) as suggested by Bleher and Eynard in \cite{BleherEynard}. In particular we define Baker-Akhiezer functions associated to the Lax pair to construct a kernel which is then used to compute determinantal formulae giving the correlation functions of the double scaling limit of a matrix model near the merging of two cuts.

Double scaling limits of random matrices and minimal (2m,1) models: the merging of two cuts in a degenerate case

We consider the Itzykson-Zuber-Eynard-Mehta two-matrix model and prove that the partition function is an isomonodromic tau function in a sense that generalizes Jimbo-Miwa-Ueno's. In order to achieve the generalization we need to define a notion of tau-function for isomonodromic systems where the ad-regularity of the leading coefficient is not a necessary requirement.

/pdf/the-partition-function-of-the-two-matrix-model-as-an-3q0mnqiv9o.pdf

The partition function of the two-matrix model as an isomonodromic tau-function

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The partition function of the two-matrix model as an isomonodromic tau-function