The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a TeV-scale high-luminosity linear $e^+e^-$ collider under development by international collaborations hosted by CERN. This document provides an overview of the design, technology, and implementation aspects of the CLIC accelerator. For an optimal exploitation of its physics potential, CLIC is foreseen to be built and operated in stages, at centre-of-mass energies of 380 GeV, 1.5 TeV and 3 TeV, for a site length ranging between 11 km and 50 km. CLIC uses a Two-Beam acceleration scheme, in which normal-conducting high-gradient 12 GHz accelerating structures are powered via a high-current Drive Beam. For the first stage, an alternative with X-band klystron powering is also considered. CLIC accelerator optimisation, technical developments, and system tests have resulted insignificant progress in recent years. Moreover, this has led to an increased energy efficiency and reduced power consumption of around 170 MW for the 380 GeV stage, together with a reduced cost estimate of approximately 6 billion CHF. The construction of the first CLIC energy stage could start as early as 2026 and first beams would be available by 2035, marking the beginning of a physics programme spanning 25-30 years and providing excellent sensitivity to Beyond Standard Model physics, through direct searches and via a broad set of precision measurements of Standard Model processes, particularly in the Higgs and top-quark sectors.

The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) – Project Implementation Plan

Inertial instruments used to measure horizontal motion are sensitive to tilt. Tilt coupling induced by gravity exerting a force along the sensing axis of the instrument as a function of its inclination must be accounted for in numerous seismological studies and seismic isolation applications. There are, in theory, many ways to separate tilt and horizontal motion components by combining the measurements of several sensors, and produce tilt‐free estimations of the horizontal motion. This article reviews these configurations and analyses limitations related to sensor noise and geometrical couplings. It concludes with a discussion on the use of suspension mechanisms as an alternative to signal subtraction methods.

/pdf/review-tilt-free-low-noise-seismometry-3ivjth7ypj.pdf

Review: Tilt-Free Low-Noise Seismometry

Active quadrupole stabilization for future linear particle colliders

The demanding nanometre transverse beam sizes and emittances in future linear accelerators result in stringent alignment and nanometre vibration stability requirements. For more than two decades, ground vibration measurements were made by different teams for feasibility studies of linear accelerators. Recent measurements were performed in the LHC tunnel and at different CERN sites on the surface. The devices to measure nanometre sized vibrations, the analysis techniques and the results are critically discussed and compared with former measurement campaigns. The implication of the measured integrated R.M.S. displacements and coherence length for the CLIC stabilization system are mentioned.

/pdf/ground-vibration-and-coherence-length-measurements-for-the-36536sj9o3.pdf

Ground Vibration and Coherence Length Measurements for the CLIC Nano-Stabilization Studies

Le compact linear collider (CLIC) est le projet de collisionneur de particules propose par l'organisation europeenne pour la recherche nucleaire (CERN) visant a succeder au large hadron collider (LHC). Du fait des dimensions nanometriques des faisceaux de leptons de ce projet, les accroissements admissibles de l'emittance sont extremement faibles. Cela a pour consequence des tolerances d'alignement des composants du CLIC jamais atteintes. La derniere etape de l'alignement sera effectuee par rapport au faisceau de particules du CLIC. Elle est du ressort des physiciens du faisceau. Toutefois son implementation necessite un pre-alignement qui lui-meme represente un defi metrologique et geodesique : atteindre 10 μm a 3σ le long d'une fenetre coulissante de 200 m. Un tel niveau de precision requiert le developpement d'une methode compatible avec des systemes de repositionnement qui seront constamment sollicites. Le pre-alignement du CLIC devra etre actif. Cette these ne demontre pas la faisabilite du pre-alignement actif du CLIC mais montre le chemin des derniers developpements a effectuer dans ce but. Il y est propose une methode, fondee sur la gestion des similitudes entre systemes euclidiens de coordonnees, qui, de la geodesie aux mesures metrologiques, est susceptible d'apporter la solution. Des experiences sur de longues distances ont ete construites dans le but d'eprouver, en parallele de simulations de Monte-Carlo, les modeles mathematiques des systemes de mesure et des references d'alignement ainsi crees. L'extrapolation de ces modeles, une fois valides experimentalement, sur toute la longueur du CLIC, sera la derniere etape prouvant la faisabilite du pre-alignement

Proposition d'une méthode d'alignement de l'accélérateur linéaire CLIC : des réseaux de géodésie au pré-alignement actif

To reach the design luminosity of CLIC, the movements of the quadrupoles should be limited to the nanometre level in order to limit the beam size and emittance growth. Below 1 Hz, the movements of the main beam quadrupoles will be corrected by a beambased feedback. But above 1 Hz, the quadrupoles should be mechanically stabilized. A collaboration effort is ongoing between several institutes to study the feasibility of the "nanostabilization" of the CLIC quadrupoles. The study described in this paper covers the characterization of independent measuring techniques including optical methods to detect nanometre sized displacements and analyze the vibrations. Actuators and feedback algorithms for sub-nanometre movements of magnets with a mass of more than 400 kg are being developed and tested. Input is given to the design of the quadrupole magnets, the supports and alignment system in order to limit the amplification of the vibration sources at resonant frequencies. A full scale mock-up integrating all these features is presently under design. Finally, a series of experiments in accelerator environments should demonstrate the feasibility of the nanometre stabilization.

Study of the Stabilization to the Nanometer Level of Mechanical Vibrations of the CLIC Main Beam

The arcs of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) will contain around 1700 main superconducting dipoles and quadrupoles. The long and heavy magnets are supported on fragile composite support posts inside a cryostat to reduce the heat in-leak to the magnets' super fluid helium bath. The presence of fragile components and the need to avoid geometry changes make the cryo-magnets very difficult to handle and transport. The transport and installation of the LHC cryo-magnets in the LEP tunnels originally designed for smaller, lighter LEP magnets has required development of completely new handling solutions. The paper explains the constraints imposed by the cryo-magnet characteristics, the existing tunnel infrastructure and schedule considerations. The development and realisation of transport and handling solutions are described, starting from conceptual design, through manufacture and testing to the installation of the first cryo-magnet. Integration studies to verify and reserve space needed for manoeuvre and the preparation of the infrastructure for transport and installation operations are also presented. The paper includes conclusions and some of the lessons learned.

/pdf/transport-and-installation-of-cryo-magnets-in-cern-s-large-h540md82fe.pdf

Transport and installation of cryo-magnets in cern's large hadron collider tunnel

The installation of about 1700 superconducting dipoles and quadrupoles in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is now well underway. The transport and installation of the LHC cryo-magnets in the LEP tunnels originally designed for smaller, lighter LEP magnets have required development of completely new handling solutions. The severe space constraints combined with the long, heavy loads have meant that solutions had to be very sophisticated. The paper describes the procedure of the installation of the main cryo-magnets in the arc as well as the more specific insertion cryo-magnets. The logistics for the handling and transport are monitored with tri-axial acceleration monitoring devices that are installed on each cryo-magnet to ensure their mechanical and geometric integrity. These dynamic results are commented. The paper includes conclusions and some lessons learned.

/pdf/equipment-for-tunnel-installation-of-main-and-insertion-lhc-59caxo83kw.pdf

Equipment for tunnel installation of main and insertion LHC cryo-magnet

More than 1700 superconducting cryo-magnets have to be installed in the Large Hadron Collider tunnel. The long, heavy and fragile LHC cryo-magnets are difficult to handle and transport in particular in the LEP tunnel environment originally designed for smaller, lighter LEP magnets. An installation rate of more than 20 cryomagnets per week is needed to cope with the foreseen LHC installation end date. The paper gives an overview of the transport and installation sequence complexity, from the storage area at the surface to the cryo-magnet final position in the tunnel. The success of this task depends on a series of independent factors that have to be considered at the same time. The equipment needed for the transport and tunnel installation of the LHC cryomagnets is briefly described. The manpower and equipment organisation as well as the challenges of logistics are then detailed. The paper includes conclusions and some of the lessons learned during the first phase of the LHC cryo-magnets installation.

/pdf/overview-of-the-large-hadron-collider-cryo-magnets-logistics-2dbvfa0g90.pdf

Overview of the Large Hadron Collider cryo-magnets logistics

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