In the European Mediterranean environment the risk of land degradation and
desertification is already felt under the present climatic regime and human activities. As a matter
of fact, until the early seventies this risk was considered of minor importance for most of the
countries of the region. It was pointed out that the traditional agricultural systems were well
capable of keeping those processes in check. 
In the eighties and early nineties the impact of agricultural systems introduced in the cultivated
sloping areas of the region in the previous decades was presented as a serious factor causing land degradation. In addition, a new threat had appeared, in the shape of global warming
generated by enhanced greenhouse effect. Climatic variation and drought are intrinsic
characteristics of arid and semiarid environments, and the Mediterranean Basin is no exception. 
By examining present pattern and possible future trends of climate over the region, it has been
possible to investigate the relationship between the global warming and the drought
phenomenon and assess the changing risk of the land degradation and desertification
processes. To this end, the UK Hadley Centre’s Global Climate Model was run on monthly basis
for the Mediterranean countries to predict the percent change in rainfall and temperatures with
respect to monthly values for the time horizon 2050. The model comprises several layers into
the atmosphere and below both the soil and sea surfaces and accounts for most of the
essential/dominant hydrological processes. The model runs at spatial scale of 2.5° x 3.75° grid
squares for rainfall precipitations and 0.5° x 0.5° grid squares for temperature and accounts only
for CO2 impact. Results show that for the dry season (April to September), by the year 2050
rainfall is likely to decrease over much of the Mediterranean countries, particularly in the
southern parts, where it could decrease by up to 25%. This trend in rainfall is accompanied by
temperature rise between 1.5 to 2.75° C in the northern part and between 1.75° and 3.0°C in
the southern part of the Mediterranean. 
The above-outlined changing climate patterns are expected to lead to environmental conditions
even more conducive to land degradation and desertification over the region. 
To combat these problems, the European Community (EC), in collaboration with other
international organizations, funded different programs and projects for mitigating droughts and
assessing and preventing land degradation and desertification.
 
With reference to afore-stated issues, the paper describes the main features and characteristics
of some of these programs and projects – ESD (European Soil Database), CORINE (COoRdination
INformation Environment), MEDALUS (MEditerranean Desertification And Land
USe), UNEP (United Nation Environmental Program), EFEDA (European Field Experiment in
Desertification – threatened Areas) and proposes new approaches for environmental policies in
order to: assess, forecast and mitigate adverse impacts of droughts; better understand soil erosion, land degradation and desertification processes; identify preventive, protective and curative measures; address quantity and quality of natural resources in an integrated context; support innovation and participatory strategies. 
The importance and role of institutional strengthening, sound financial and managerial
frameworks, availability of human resources involved, research thrust, technology transfer and
networking improvement are also highlighted.

Climate Change Drought Mitigation and Desertification Prevention in the Mediterranean Environment

espanolSe evaluo el Indice Sintetizado de Sequia en el Valle de Cauca, aplicando un Analisis de Componentes Principales sobre imagenes satelitales que describen: Temperatura Superficial Terrestre, Indice Vegetacion Diferencia Normalizada y Precipitacion. La magnitud de sequia que representa este indice, se identifico en la primera componente y valido con el Indice Estandarizado de Precipitacion Trimestral (SPI-3), obtenido de 78 estaciones meteorologicas, que alcanzaron correlaciones entre 0.55 y 0.71 durante eventos calidos ENOS, caracterizando la sequia integral sobre el departamento, exhibiendo zonas de no sequia en el suroccidente, al centro-sur una fase de transicion de humedo a extremadamente seco, el Valle interandino mostro sectores con sequia severa y al oriente zonas extremadamente secas. Ademas, en un municipio piloto de la zona mas seca del departamento, se empleo un modelo de susceptibilidad para detectar zonas afectadas por la sequia, aplicando un Proceso de Analisis Jerarquico EnglishThe Synthesized Drought Index in the Valle del Cauca was evaluated, applying Principal Component Analysis to satellite images that described: Land Surface Temperature, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and Precipitation. The magnitude of drought represented by this index was identified in the first component and validated with the Quarterly Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI - 3), obtained from 78 weather stations, which achieved correlations of between 0.55 and 0.71 during warm ENSO events. Comprehensive drought in the department was characterized by exhibiting areas of non-drought in the southwest, in the center-south a transition phase from wet to extremely dry, the Inter-Andean Valley showed sectors of severe drought, and to the east, extremely dry areas. Additionally, in a pilot municipality in the driest area of the department, a susceptibility model was implemented to detect areas affected by drought, applying the Analytical Hierarchical Process.

/pdf/characterization-of-comprehensive-drought-events-associated-3g1rvuky07.pdf

Characterization of comprehensive drought events associated with the ENSO warm phase through satellite images in the Valle del Cauca Colombia

Las áreas naturales protegidas se encuentran atravesadas por los objetivos de conservación y las dinámicas de las poblaciones que habitan en ellas. En el Parque El Tromen (Neuquén, Argentina) 30 familias permanecen durante el verano criando sus animales. Este artículo se propone reconstruir las trayectorias y las estrategias de reproducción de estas familias crianceras y conocer la dinámica ambiental en el área y sus problemáticas. La identidad y trayectoria familiar están enraizadas en la historia socioproductiva del norte neuquino y sus formas de organización del trabajo se encuentran condicionadas por situarse en un espacio protegido. El análisis se realizó principalmente en base a 15 entrevistas semiestructuradas a familias crianceras y a informantes clave, y se complementó con revisión bibliográfica, recopilación de documentos oficiales e interpretación de imágenes satelitales.

/pdf/entre-la-conservacion-y-la-produccion-las-familias-2oogo9sd.pdf

Entre la conservación y la producción: las familias crianceras del Área Natural Protegida El Tromen (Neuquén, Argentina)

Convergence between satellite information and farmers’ perception of drought in rangelands of North-West Patagonia, Argentina

Resumen es: La variabilidad ambiental es una caracteristica de regiones pastoriles aridas y semiaridas, siendo la sequia uno de los principales problemas en sistemas...

https://dialnet.unirioja.es/descarga/articulo/3983903.pdf

Una herramienta para monitorear sequías en regiones áridas y semiáridas de Patagonia Norte

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Una herramienta para monitorear sequías en regiones áridas y semiáridas de Patagonia Norte