Due to the increase in multidrug-resistant microorganisms, the investigation of novel or more efficient antimicrobial compounds is essential. The World Health Organization issued a list of priority multidrug-resistant bacteria whose eradication will require new antibiotics. Among them, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacteriaceae are in the “critical” (most urgent) category. As a result, major investigations are ongoing worldwide to discover new antimicrobial compounds. Burkholderia, specifically Burkholderia sensu stricto, is recognized as an antimicrobial-producing group of species. Highly dissimilar compounds are among the molecules produced by this genus, such as those that are unique to a particular strain (like compound CF66I produced by Burkholderia cepacia CF-66) or antimicrobials found in a number of species, e.g., phenazines or ornibactins. The compounds produced by Burkholderia include N-containing heterocycles, volatile organic compounds, polyenes, polyynes, siderophores, macrolides, bacteriocins, quinolones, and other not classified antimicrobials. Some of them might be candidates not only for antimicrobials for both bacteria and fungi, but also as anticancer or antitumor agents. Therefore, in this review, the wide range of antimicrobial compounds produced by Burkholderia is explored, focusing especially on those compounds that were tested in vitro for antimicrobial activity. In addition, information was gathered regarding novel compounds discovered by genome-guided approaches.

/pdf/compilation-of-the-antimicrobial-compounds-produced-by-1xofxcq1.pdf

Compilation of the Antimicrobial Compounds Produced by Burkholderia Sensu Stricto

Current antifungal treatment options are plagued with rapidly increasing occurrence of resistance, high degree of toxicity and a limited spectrum of activity. The need to develop a novel antifungal with a unique target, wider spectrum of activity, and reduced toxicity to the host, is urgent. We have identified and characterized one such compound named occidiofungin that is produced by the soil bacterium Burkholderia contaminans MS14. This study identifies the primary cellular target of the antifungal, which was determined to be actin. Actin binding metabolites are generally characterized by their ability to inhibit polymerization or depolymerization of actin filaments, which presumably accounts for their severe toxicity. Occidiofungin, instead, has a subtler effect on actin dynamics that triggers apoptotic cell death. We were able to demonstrate the effectiveness of the antifungal in treating a vulvovaginal yeast infection in a murine model. This discovery puts occidiofungin in a unique class of actin-binding antifungal compounds with minimal reported toxicity to the host. The results of this study are important for the development of a novel class of antifungals that could fill the existing gap in treatment options for fungal infections.

/pdf/occidiofungin-an-actin-binding-antifungal-with-in-vivo-381yz3ll7e.pdf

Occidiofungin, an actin binding antifungal with in vivo efficacy in a vulvovaginal candidiasis infection

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Occidiofungin, an actin binding antifungal with in vivo efficacy in a vulvovaginal candidiasis infection