The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments published guidelines for the management of bipolar disorder in 2005, with updates in 2007 and 2009. This third update, in conjunction with the International Society for Bipolar Disorders, reviews new evidence and is designed to be used in conjunction with the previous publications.The recommendations for the management of acute mania remain largely unchanged. Lithium, valproate, and several atypical antipsychotic agents continue to be first-line treatments for acute mania. Monotherapy with asenapine, paliperidone extended release (ER), and divalproex ER, as well as adjunctive asenapine, have been added as first-line options.For the management of bipolar depression, lithium, lamotrigine, and quetiapine monotherapy, as well as olanzapine plus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), and lithium or divalproex plus SSRI/bupropion remain first-line options. Lurasidone monotherapy and the combination of lurasidone or lamotrigine plus lithium or divalproex have been added as a second-line options. Ziprasidone alone or as adjunctive therapy, and adjunctive levetiracetam have been added as not-recommended options for the treatment of bipolar depression. Lithium, lamotrigine, valproate, olanzapine, quetiapine, aripiprazole, risperidone long-acting injection, and adjunctive ziprasidone continue to be first-line options for maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder. Asenapine alone or as adjunctive therapy have been added as third-line options.

/pdf/canadian-network-for-mood-and-anxiety-treatments-canmat-and-2qkz8pbmtg.pdf

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) and International Society for Bipolar Disorders (ISBD) collaborative update of CANMAT guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2013.

In 2005, the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) published guidelines for the management of bipolar disorder. This update reviews new evidence since the previous publication and incorporates recommendations based on the most current evidence for treatment of various phases of bipolar disorder. It is designed to be used in conjunction with the 2005 CANMAT Guidelines. The recommendations for the management of acute mania remain mostly unchanged. Lithium, valproate and several atypical antipsychotics continue to be recommended as first-line treatments for acute mania. For the management of bipolar depression, new data support quetiapine monotherapy as a first-line option. Lithium and lamotrigine monotherapy, olanzapine plus selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), and lithium or divalproex plus SSRI/bupropion continue to remain the other first-line options. First-line options in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder continue to be lithium, lamotrigine, valproate and olanzapine. There is recent evidence to support the combination of olanzapine and fluoxetine as a second-line maintenance therapy for bipolar depression. New data also support quetiapine monotherapy as a second-line option for the management of acute bipolar II depression. The importance of comorbid psychiatric and medical conditions cannot be understated, and this update provides an expanded look at the prevalence, impact and management of comorbid conditions in patients with bipolar disorder.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1399-5618.2006.00432.x

Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) guidelines for the management of patients with bipolar disorder: update 2007

Context:Recommendationsoftreatmentguidelinesconcerningtheuseofsecond-generationantipsychotic(SGA) agents for acute mania vary substantially across committeesorworkinggroups.Meta-analysesaddressingtheuse of SGAs in the treatment of acute mania are lacking. Objective: To conduct a meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of SGAs in the treatment of acute mania. Data Sources: Randomized controlled trials comparing SGAs with placebo, first-generation antipsychotic drugs,ormoodstabilizers(MSs)inthetreatmentofacute mania were searched for in the PsiTri and MEDLINE databases (last search: May 2006).

https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/articlepdf/209997/yma60000_442_455.pdf

Second-Generation Antipsychotic Agents in the Treatment of Acute Mania: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Burn wound healing involves a series of complex processes which are subject to intensive investigations to improve the outcomes, in particular, the healing time and the quality of the scar. Burn injuries, especially severe ones, are proving to have devastating effects on the affected patients. Stem cells have been recently applied in the field to promote superior healing of the wounds. Not only have stem cells been shown to promote better and faster healing of the burn wounds, but also they have decreased the inflammation levels with less scar progression and fibrosis. This review aims to highlight the beneficial therapeutic effect of stem cells in burn wound healing and to discuss the involved pathways and signaling molecules. The review covers various types of burn wound healing like skin and corneal burns, along with the alternative recent therapies being studied in the field of burn wound healing. The current reflection of the attitudes of people regarding the use of stem cells in burn wound healing is also stated.

/pdf/the-use-of-stem-cells-in-burn-wound-healing-a-review-135bkb16ag.pdf

The Use of Stem Cells in Burn Wound Healing: A Review

Background
The wound healing process is complex and still poorly understood. Sericin is a silk protein synthesized by silk worms (Bombyx mori). The objective of this study was to evaluate in vivo wound healing effects of a sericin-containing gel formulation in an incision wound model in rats.

/pdf/effects-of-silk-sericin-on-incision-wound-healing-in-a-3xs34q8mgy.pdf

Effects of Silk Sericin on Incision Wound Healing in a Dorsal Skin Flap Wound Healing Rat Model.

Background This experiment was performed to compare the effects of Phenytoin (PHT) and Hypericin (HP) cream on healing of burn wounds in rats. Material and methods Twenty rats were divided into 3 groups and second-degree burn wounds were created. The burn wounds in the first, second, and third groups were covered twice daily with PHT cream, HP cream, and saline (control), respectively. At the end of days 3, 7, 14, and 21, full-thickness skin biopsies were done for histopathologic and immunohistochemical analyses. Results Histopathologic evaluations at the 14th day showed that re-epithelialization scores were greater in the HP group than the PHT group, but on day 21, re-epithelialization scores were higher in the PHT group than the HP group. Collagen content on days 3 and 14 in the PHT group was found to be higher than in the HP group. Well-vascularized granulation tissue on day 7 in the PHT group was higher than in other groups. HP and PHT groups had a significant increase in VEGF and TGF-b expression in burn wound healing area compared to the control group on all days. Conclusions Topical application of HP can promote re-epithelialization in burn wounds to shorten the wound healing time for superficial burns. Phenytoin, on the other hand, contributes to healing by increasing vascularized granulation tissue and collagen synthesis through re-epithelialization. The increased VEGF and TGF-b expression following PHT and HP treatment strongly indicate that PHT and HP treatment promotes VEGF and TGF-b production and action in the burn wound area.

/pdf/comparison-of-efficacy-of-topical-phenytoin-with-hypericin-2is2hsxt61.pdf

Comparison of efficacy of topical phenytoin with hypericin in second-degree burn wound healing: an experimental study in rats

Atypical antipsychotics (AA)-induced weight gain is associated with increased leptin levels. AA have been increasingly used in the treatment of bipolar disorders. This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate the association between serum leptin and lipid profiles considering the drug treatments in euthymic bipolar outpatients. Leptin and lipid profiles were compared, and no differences were noted in leptin, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels among the patients and controls. Glucose, very-low-density lipoprotein, and triglyceride levels in patients were higher than in controls, while high-density lipoprotein levels were low. Patients were divided into three groups according to their type of drug usage: AA users, AA + mood stabilizer users, and mood stabilizer users. Each group of patients was compared with a healthy control group for mentioned biochemical parameters. Lipid profiles were disordered by using both AA and mood stabilizers, but higher leptin levels are associated with AA usage. However, leptin does not seem to be responsible for dyslipidemia caused by AA or mood stabilizers in euthymic bipolar patients.

Atypical Antipsychotic Usage-Related Higher Serum Leptin Levels and Disabled Lipid Profiles in Euthymic Bipolar Patients

Flavonoids are naturally occurring antioxidant molecules that are abundantly existing in the human diet. We investigated effects of quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester to redox balance in acute treadmill exercise. Malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase activity, xanthine oxidase activity and total nitrite in blood, skeletal muscle and liver were analyzed in 58 male Sprague-Dawley rats that were exposed to a single bout of exercise. We found that exercise provoked the increment of analyzed parameters except for total nitrite which indicates nitric oxide. Quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester decreased malondialdehyde levels in skeletal muscle and liver. However, they were ineffectual in preventing lipid peroxidation in blood probably due to limited repair and biosynthesis capability of erythrocytes. Since quercetin and CAPE successfully weakened oxidative stress in liver and skeletal muscle, they may be seen as promising in preventing acute exercise-induced oxidative injury.

Quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) attenuate acute exercise-induced oxidative stress

Our aim is to investigate the effects of two atypical antipsychotics; quetiapine and olanzapine on locomotor activity that is a sign of ethanol withdrawal syndrome in rats. Adult male Wistar rats were subjects. Ethanol (7.2%, v/v) was given to rats by a liquid diet for 30 days. Control rats were pair fed an isocaloric liquid diet containing sucrose as a caloric substitute to ethanol. Quetiapine (10 mg/kg), olanzapine (5 mg/kg) and saline were injected to the rats intraperitoneally 7 days after ethanol withdrawal syndrome and the last one 30 min before ethanol withdrawal testing. After 2nd hour of ethanol withdrawal, rats were observed for 5 min and withdrawal signs that included locomotor hyperactivity were recorded. We have found increased vertical and horizontal locomotor activity in ethanol withdrawal group to control and reduced vertical and horizontal locomotor activity in quetiapine-injected rats. In olanzapine injected rats were seen no reduced locomotor activity. Significant inhibitory effects were produced by quetiapine on the signs of ethanol withdrawal. Our results suggest that acute quetiapine treatment has some beneficial efects on ethanol withdrawal in rats. Thus, this drug may be useful for treatment of ethanol withdrawal syndrome.

/pdf/induced-locomotor-hyperactivity-on-ethanol-withdrawal-3gtof1wpnd.pdf

Induced Locomotor Hyperactivity on Ethanol Withdrawal Syndrome in Rats is Inhibited by Quetiapine

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Comparison of efficacy of topical phenytoin with hypericin in second-degree burn wound healing: an experimental study in rats

Atypical Antipsychotic Usage-Related Higher Serum Leptin Levels and Disabled Lipid Profiles in Euthymic Bipolar Patients

Quercetin and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) attenuate acute exercise-induced oxidative stress

Induced Locomotor Hyperactivity on Ethanol Withdrawal Syndrome in Rats is Inhibited by Quetiapine