2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases: Document covering acute and chronic aortic diseases of the thoracic and abdominal aorta of the adult. The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC).

3D
: three-dimensional
AAA
: abdominal aortic aneurysm
AAS
: acute aortic syndrome
ACC
: American College of Cardiology
ACE
: angiotensin-converting enzyme
AD
: Aortic dissection
ADAM
: Aneurysm Detection and Management
AHA
: American Heart Association
AJAX
: Amsterdam Acute Aneurysm
AO
: aorta
AOS
: aneurysms-osteoarthritis syndrome
ARCH
: Aortic Arch Related Cerebral Hazard
ATS
: arterial tortuosity syndrome
BAV
: bicuspid aortic valve
BSA
: body surface area
CI
: confidence interval
CoA
: coarctation of the aorta
CPG
: Committee for Practice Guidelines
CSF
: cerebrospinal fluid
CT
: computed tomography
DREAM
: Dutch Randomized Aneurysm Management
DUS
: Doppler ultrasound
EBCT
: electron beam computed tomography
ECG
: electrocardiogram
EDS
: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
EDSIV
: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome type IV
ESC
: European Society of Cardiology
ESH
: European Society of Hypertension
EVAR
: endovascular aortic repair
FDG
: 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose
FL
: false lumen
GCA
: giant cell arteritis
GERAADA
: German Registry for Acute Aortic Dissection Type A
IAD
: iatrogenic aortic dissection
IMH
: intramural haematoma
INSTEAD
: Investigation of Stent Grafts in Patients with type B Aortic Dissection
IRAD
: International Registry of Aortic Dissection
IVUS
: intravascular ultrasound
LCC
: left coronary cusp
LDS
: Loeys-Dietz syndrome
MASS
: Multicentre Aneurysm Screening Study
MESA
: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
MPR
: multiplanar reconstruction
MRA
: magnetic resonance angiography
MRI
: magnetic resonance imaging
MSCT
: multislice computed tomography
NA
: not applicable
NCC
: non-coronary cusp
ns-TAAD
: non-syndromic thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection
OR
: odds ratio
OVER
: Open Versus Endovascular Repair
OxVasc
: Oxford Vascular study
PARTNER
: Placement of AoRtic TraNscathetER Valves
PAU
: penetrating aortic ulcer
PICSS
: Patent Foramen Ovale in Cryptogenic Stroke study
PET
: positron emission tomography
RCCA
: right common carotid artery
RCC
: right coronary cusp
RCT
: randomized, clinical trial
RR
: relative risk
SIRS
: systemic inflammatory response
SMC
: smooth muscle cell
TAA
: thoracic aortic aneurysm
TAAD
: thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissection
TAI
: traumatic aortic injury
TEVAR
: thoracic endovascular aortic repair
TGF
: transforming growth factor
TI
: separate thyroid artery (A. thyroidea)
TL
: true lumen
TOE
: transoesophageal echocardiography
TS
: Turner Syndrome
TTE
: transthoracic echocardiography
UKSAT
: UK Small Aneurysm Trial
ULP
: ulcer-like projection
WARSS
: Warfarin-Aspirin Recurrent Stroke Study

Guidelines summarize and evaluate all available evidence at the time of the writing process, on a particular issue with the aim of assisting health professionals in selecting the best management strategies for an individual patient, with a given condition, taking into account the impact on outcome, as well as the risk-benefit-ratio of particular diagnostic or therapeutic means. Guidelines and recommendations should help the health professionals to make decisions in their daily practice. However, the final decisions concerning an individual patient must be made by the responsible health professional(s) in consultation with the patient and caregiver as appropriate.

A great number of Guidelines have been issued in recent years by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) as well as by other societies and organisations. Because of the impact on clinical practice, quality criteria for the development of guidelines have been established in order to make all decisions …

/pdf/2014-esc-guidelines-on-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-aortic-23h9ibdx0k.pdf

2014 ESC Guidelines on the diagnosis and treatment of aortic diseases

Low-grade inflammation is a characteristic of the obese state, and adipose tissue releases many inflammatory mediators. The source of these mediators within adipose tissue is not clear, but infiltrating macrophages seem to be especially important, although adipocytes themselves play a role. Obese people have higher circulating concentrations of many inflammatory markers than lean people do, and these are believed to play a role in causing insulin resistance and other metabolic disturbances. Blood concentrations of inflammatory markers are lowered following weight loss. In the hours following the consumption of a meal, there is an elevation in the concentrations of inflammatory mediators in the bloodstream, which is exaggerated in obese subjects and in type 2 diabetics. Both high-glucose and high-fat meals may induce postprandial inflammation, and this is exaggerated by a high meal content of advanced glycation end products (AGE) and partly ablated by inclusion of certain antioxidants or antioxidant-containing foods within the meal. Healthy eating patterns are associated with lower circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers. Among the components of a healthy diet, whole grains, vegetables and fruits, and fish are all associated with lower inflammation. AGE are associated with enhanced oxidative stress and inflammation. SFA and trans-MUFA are pro-inflammatory, while PUFA, especially long-chain n-3 PUFA, are anti-inflammatory. Hyperglycaemia induces both postprandial and chronic low-grade inflammation. Vitamin C, vitamin E and carotenoids decrease the circulating concentrations of inflammatory markers. Potential mechanisms are described and research gaps, which limit our understanding of the interaction between diet and postprandial and chronic low-grade inflammation, are identified.

/pdf/dietary-factors-and-low-grade-inflammation-in-relation-to-35j1dsb8lf.pdf

Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity

Autores/Miembros del Grupo de Trabajo: Raimund Erbel (Coordinador) (Alemania), Victor Aboyans (Coordinador) (Francia), Catherine Boileau (Francia), Eduardo Bossone (Italia), Roberto Di Bartolomeo (Italia), Holger Eggebrecht (Alemania), Arturo Evangelista (Espana), Volkmar Falk (Suiza), Herbert Frank (Austria), Oliver Gaemperli (Suiza), Martin Grabenwoger (Austria), Axel Haverich (Alemania), Bernard Iung (Francia), Athanasios John Manolis (Grecia), Folkert Meijboom (Paises Bajos), Christoph A. Nienaber (Alemania), Marco Roffi (Suiza), Herve Rousseau (Francia), Udo Sechtem (Alemania), Per Anton Sirnes (Noruega), Regula S. von Allmen (Suiza) y Christiaan J.M. Vrints (Belgica)

2014 ESC Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Treatment of Aortic Diseases

The global popularity of herbal supplements and the promise they hold in treating various disease states have caused an unprecedented interest in understanding the molecular basis of the biological activity of traditional remedies. This volume focuses on presenting current scientific evidence of biomolecular effects of selected herbs and their relation to clinical outcome and promotion of human health. This book also addresses the ethical challenges of using herbal medicine and its integration into modern, evidence-based medicine.Drawing from the work of leading international researchers in different fields, this book contains an in-depth scientific examination of effects of individual herbs, as well as their use in the treatment of important diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, dermatologic disorders, neurodegenerative disease, and diabetes. Due to the strong associations among oxidative stress, ageing, and disease, the powerful antioxidant properties of herbs and spices are also examined. The herbs featured are some of the most widely used remedies and cover a wide range, including flowering herbs, fruits and berries, roots and rhizomes, and fungi.To help bring a new level of quality control to the production of herbal extracts, the use of mass spectrometry and chemometric fingerprinting technology in the authentication of herbs is also presented. As the need for effective, affordable health promotion and treatment increases, especially in the growing ageing population, there is demand for rigorous scientific examination of herbal medicines. This timely and comprehensive volume addresses this need and is an important text for medical professionals and researchers, as well as those interested in herbal or complementary medicine.

Herbal Medicine: Biomolecular and Clinical Aspects

We aimed to determine the relationships between resting left ventricular (LV) wall motion abnormalities (WMAs), aortic plaque, and PAD in a community cohort. 1726 Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort participants (806 males, 65±9 years) underwent cardiovascular magnetic resonance with quantification of aortic plaque volume and assessment of regional LV systolic function. Claudication, lower extremity revascularization, and ankle-brachial index (ABI) were recorded at Examination 7. WMAs were associated with greater aortic plaque burden, decreased ABI, and claudication in age- and sex-adjusted analyses (all p<0.001), which were not significant after adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors. In age- and sex-adjusted analyses, both the presence (p<0.001) and volume of aortic plaque were associated with decreased ABI (p<0.001). After multivariable adjustment, ABI≤0.9 or prior revascularization was associated with a three-fold odds of aortic plaque (p=0.0083). Plaque volume significantly increased with decreasing ABI in multivariable-adjusted analyses (p<0.0001). In this free-living population, associations of WMAs with aortic plaque burden and clinical measures of PAD were attenuated after adjustment for coronary heart disease risk factors. Aortic plaque volume and ABI remained strongly negatively correlated after multivariable adjustment. Our findings suggest that the association between coronary heart disease and non-coronary atherosclerosis is explained by cardiovascular risk factors. Aortic atherosclerosis and PAD remain strongly associated after multivariable adjustment suggesting shared mechanisms beyond those captured by traditional risk factors.

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1358863X11408640

Relationship between central and peripheral atherosclerosis and left ventricular dysfunction in a community population

Because retroperitoneal and mesenteric tumors may not be found until they become huge, speculating about the site of origin of a tumor is sometimes difficult. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the primary modalities for evaluating the spread of tumor and the location of the tumo

Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Retroperitoneal and Mesenteric Tumor

/pdf/133-obesity-is-associated-with-decreased-myocardial-4nx1y1rj9e.pdf

133 Obesity is associated with decreased myocardial contraction fraction despite preserved ejection fraction

CHAPTER 36 – The Pericardium: Normal Anatomy and Spectrum of Disease

A 6-month randomized pilot study of black tea and cardiovascular risk factors.

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